What's missing: make: *** No rule to make target

0
votes

I'd love to move my C++ environment away from Visual Studio on Windows to building simple software on MacOS or Ubuntu.

My test project for doing so (am small Snake game) contains the following structure 

Snake
|- bin
|- data
|- docs
|- lib
|- inc
   |- application
         |- app_main.h
         |- app_game_state.h
         |- app_load_map_state.h
         |- app_main_menu_state.h
         |- app_play_state.h
         |- app_shutdown_state.h
         |- app_startup_state.h
         |- app_state.h
         |- app_unload_map_state.h
   |- core
   |- graphics
   |- gui
   |- logic
   |- world
|- intern
   |- build
      |- obj
   |- tests
   |- src
      |- application
         |- Makefile
         |- main.cpp
         |- app_main.cpp
         |- app_game_state.cpp
         |- app_load_map_state.cpp
         |- app_main_menu_state.cpp
         |- app_play_state.cpp
         |- app_shutdown_state.cpp
         |- app_startup_state.cpp
         |- app_state.cpp
         |- app_unload_map_state.cpp
      |- core
      |- graphics
      |- gui
      |- logic
      |- world

The Makefile is structured as follows:

IDIR = ../../../inc
CC = g++
CFLAGS = -I$(IDIR)

ODIR = ../../build/obj
LDIR = ../../../lib

VPATH = ../core:../graphics/:../gui/:../logic/:../world/

_DEPS = app_game_state.h app_load_map_state.h app_main.h app_main_menu_state.h app_play_state.h app_shutdown_state.h app_startup_state.h app_state.h app_unload_map_state.h
DEPS = $(patsubst %,$(IDIR)/%,$(_DEPS))

_OBJ = main.o app_game_state.o app_load_map_state.o app_main.o app_main_menu_state.o app_play_state.o app_shutdown_state.o app_startup_state.o app_state.o app_unload_map_state.o
OBJ = $(patsubst %,$(ODIR)/%,$(_OBJ))

$(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)

main: $(OBJ)
    g++ -o $@ $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)

.PHONY: clean

clean:
    rm -f $(ODIR)/*.o *~core $(INCDIR)/*~

My aim was to port what I've learned from this excellent beginner tutorial on Makefiles to my own architecture. The tutorials make command is running without problems on my machine. So I guess I've missed something.

As I'm being new to Makefiles, it's a bit hard for me to grasp the concepts. Even though I thought to understand the basics, the make command returns a make: *** No rule to make target '../../build/obj/main.o', needed by 'main'. Stop. error when I run make from intern/src/application

To solve the problem I tried to apply the solution from gcc makefile error: "No rule to make target ..." to my code - yet without success.

Where's the error in my Makefile and what did I not understand?

Edit: Here's the make output with the -d flag enabled (had to remove some code from the beginning due to stackoverflows limitation of symbols in a message)

GNU Make 3.81
Copyright (C) 2006  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

This program built for i386-apple-darwin11.3.0
Reading makefiles...
Reading makefile `Makefile'...
...
    Looking for a rule with intermediate file `Makefile.S'.
     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
     Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.S,v'.
     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `RCS/Makefile.S,v'.
     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `RCS/Makefile.S'.
     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `s.Makefile.S'.
     Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.S'.
     Trying implicit prerequisite `SCCS/s.Makefile.S'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
   Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.S'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.mod'.
   Looking for a rule with intermediate file `Makefile.mod'.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
    Avoiding implicit rule recursion.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.mod'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `Makefile.mod,v'.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.mod'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `RCS/Makefile.mod,v'.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.mod'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `RCS/Makefile.mod'.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.mod'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `s.Makefile.mod'.
    Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile.mod'.
    Trying implicit prerequisite `SCCS/s.Makefile.mod'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.c'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.cc'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.C'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.cpp'.
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  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.s'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.S'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
  Rejecting impossible implicit prerequisite `Makefile.mod'.
  Trying pattern rule with stem `Makefile'.
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  Looking for a rule with intermediate file `Makefile.sh'.
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   Trying implicit prerequisite `SCCS/s.Makefile.sh'.
  No implicit rule found for `Makefile'.
  Finished prerequisites of target file `Makefile'.
 No need to remake target `Makefile'.
Updating goal targets....
Considering target file `main'.
 File `main' does not exist.
  Considering target file `../../build/obj/main.o'.
   File `../../build/obj/main.o' does not exist.
   Looking for an implicit rule for `../../build/obj/main.o'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `main.cpp'.
   Trying rule prerequisite `../../../inc/app_game_state.h'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
   Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/main.c'.
   Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
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   Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
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   Trying pattern rule with stem `main'.
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   Looking for a rule with intermediate file `../../build/obj/main.c'.
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    Trying implicit prerequisite `../../build/obj/SCCS/s.main.mod'.
   No implicit rule found for `../../build/obj/main.o'.
   Finished prerequisites of target file `../../build/obj/main.o'.
  Must remake target `../../build/obj/main.o'.
2
c++makefile
Wow, that Makefile seems rather complicated to me. You could try to specify the build rules for each .o file separately (as I'm not sure what your OBJ variable contains). For example: main.o: <newline> $(CC) main.c And then main: main.o - ForceBru
Make sure that the filename of your makefile is indeed Makefile. - Matsmath
you could use CMake to get a cross-platform "makefile" - m.s.
@ForceBru: Looks pretty simple to me. You shouldn't define build rules for every .o separately. OP is doing it right. - Lightness Races in Orbit
Please provide the full output. Perhaps it's just a compilation error. - Igor R.

2 Answers

3
votes

The dependencies for the rule

$(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)

are not satisfied: while make finds main.cpp OK it doesn't find the dependencies from $(DEPS). You can fix the problem by pointing IDIR to the correct directory:

IDIR = = ../../../inc/application

Admittedly, the error message isn't entirely helpful.

0
votes

I don't know why your below implicit rule is not working.

$(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)

But, in it's place, please try using the following static pattern rule to make the object files:

$(OBJ): $(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)

A very similar question has been asked here - GNU Make pattern to build output in different directory than src. I tried that answer for the directory set up you have shown and it worked.

Please let me know if I should have added this as a comment. I couldn't make out which was right.