By default, Azure Batch nodes are not accessible from the outside world. This is for security reasons and because they sit behind a load-balancer which by default doesn't have routing rules defined to get you to the individual nodes.
You can use a NetworkConfiguration specified on the pool to confgiure InboundNATPools which will allow you to define routing rules to address individual nodes in the pool. See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/batchservice/pool/add#inboundnatpool
I am not an expert on Flask but I believe in your case you will want to do a mapping from say FrontEndPortRange: [30000-31000] to backend port 443 (assuming that's the port your flask API is listening on) - then port 30000 will map to backend port 443 on node 0, 30001 will map to backend port 443 on node 1, etc.