User properties are attributes you define to describe segments of your userbase, such as language preference or geographic location.
Analytics automatically logs some user properties
; you don't need to add any code to enable them. If your app needs to collect additional data, you can set up to 25 different Analytics User Properties in your app. See more details here
Note: Age, Gender, and Interests properties are automatically collected only if your app links to the Ad Support framework. Linking to this framework also automatically collects the Advertising Identifier (IDFA).
Demographics and interests data in Firebase Analytics:
Firebase Analytics collects demographics and interests data from the
following sources:
- The Android Advertising ID. Applies to app activity only. When you use the Firebase Analytics tracking code in an Android app, Firebase
Analytics generates an identifier based on the ID that includes
demographic and interest information associated with users’ app
activity.
- The iOS Identifier for Advertisers (IDFA). Applies to app activity only. When you use the Firebase Analytics tracking code in an iOS app
to collect the IDFA, Firebase Analytics generates an identifier based
on the IDFA that includes demographic and interest information
associated with users’ app activity.
When the Device Advertising ID is not present, Firebase Analytics
cannot collect demographics and interests information. Consequently,
demographics and interests data may only be available for a subset of
your users, and may not represent the overall composition of your
traffic.
Also, looks like Firebase Analytics demographic reports is thresholded for privacy reasons. Once you have enough data -- at least 10 users per age/gender bracket -- data for that bracket will be shown.
Update
Age, Gender and Interests are proprietary Google-owned data which are not exported to BigQuery.