I'd like to know whether RabbitMQ has the same functionality
It does not.
Kafka is purpose-built for that feature - an event log that allows you to travel forward from a point.
RabbitMQ is a message queue - first in, first out. Once a message is handled, it is done and gone. There is no history or log to traverse.
There is a "recent history" plugin for RabbitMQ, but this does not provide the same feature set Kafka.
https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-recent-history-exchange#readme
It only allows you to say something like "new consumers should get the last 20 messages, before continuing to get new messages".
Kafka, on the other hand, gives you a much more extensive history and the ability to start at the beginning and move forward as needed.