Are there any methods in JavaScript that could be used to encode and decode a string using base64 encoding?
304
votes
16 Answers
236
votes
Some browsers such as Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera and IE10+ can handle Base64 natively. Take a look at this Stackoverflow question. It's using btoa() and atob() functions.
For server-side JavaScript (Node), you can use Buffers to decode.
If you are going for a cross-browser solution, there are existing libraries like CryptoJS or code like:
http://ntt.cc/2008/01/19/base64-encoder-decoder-with-javascript.html
With the latter, you need to thoroughly test the function for cross browser compatibility. And error has already been reported.
81
votes
Internet Explorer 10+
// Define the string
var string = 'Hello World!';
// Encode the String
var encodedString = btoa(string);
console.log(encodedString); // Outputs: "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh"
// Decode the String
var decodedString = atob(encodedString);
console.log(decodedString); // Outputs: "Hello World!"
Cross-Browser
with Node.js
Here is how you encode normal text to base64 in Node.js:
//Buffer() requires a number, array or string as the first parameter, and an optional encoding type as the second parameter.
// Default is utf8, possible encoding types are ascii, utf8, ucs2, base64, binary, and hex
var b = new Buffer('JavaScript');
// If we don't use toString(), JavaScript assumes we want to convert the object to utf8.
// We can make it convert to other formats by passing the encoding type to toString().
var s = b.toString('base64');
And here is how you decode base64 encoded strings:
var b = new Buffer('SmF2YVNjcmlwdA==', 'base64')
var s = b.toString();
with Dojo.js
To encode an array of bytes using dojox.encoding.base64:
var str = dojox.encoding.base64.encode(myByteArray);
To decode a base64-encoded string:
var bytes = dojox.encoding.base64.decode(str)
bower install angular-base64
<script src="bower_components/angular-base64/angular-base64.js"></script>
angular
.module('myApp', ['base64'])
.controller('myController', [
'$base64', '$scope',
function($base64, $scope) {
$scope.encoded = $base64.encode('a string');
$scope.decoded = $base64.decode('YSBzdHJpbmc=');
}]);
But How?
If you would like to learn more about how base64 is encoded in general, and in JavaScript in-particular, I would recommend this article: Computer science in JavaScript: Base64 encoding
67
votes
In Gecko/WebKit-based browsers (Firefox, Chrome and Safari) and Opera, you can use btoa() and atob().
Original answer: How can you encode a string to Base64 in JavaScript?
44
votes
Here is a tightened up version of Sniper's post. It presumes well formed base64 string with no carriage returns. This version eliminates a couple of loops, adds the &0xff fix from Yaroslav, eliminates trailing nulls, plus a bit of code golf.
decodeBase64 = function(s) {
var e={},i,b=0,c,x,l=0,a,r='',w=String.fromCharCode,L=s.length;
var A="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
for(i=0;i<64;i++){e[A.charAt(i)]=i;}
for(x=0;x<L;x++){
c=e[s.charAt(x)];b=(b<<6)+c;l+=6;
while(l>=8){((a=(b>>>(l-=8))&0xff)||(x<(L-2)))&&(r+=w(a));}
}
return r;
};
35
votes
Short and fast Base64 JavaScript Decode Function without Failsafe:
function decode_base64 (s)
{
var e = {}, i, k, v = [], r = '', w = String.fromCharCode;
var n = [[65, 91], [97, 123], [48, 58], [43, 44], [47, 48]];
for (z in n)
{
for (i = n[z][0]; i < n[z][1]; i++)
{
v.push(w(i));
}
}
for (i = 0; i < 64; i++)
{
e[v[i]] = i;
}
for (i = 0; i < s.length; i+=72)
{
var b = 0, c, x, l = 0, o = s.substring(i, i+72);
for (x = 0; x < o.length; x++)
{
c = e[o.charAt(x)];
b = (b << 6) + c;
l += 6;
while (l >= 8)
{
r += w((b >>> (l -= 8)) % 256);
}
}
}
return r;
}
11
votes
The php.js project has JavaScript implementations of many of PHP's functions. base64_encode and base64_decode are included.
10
votes
Did someone say code golf? =)
The following is my attempt at improving my handicap while catching up with the times. Supplied for your convenience.
function decode_base64(s) {
var b=l=0, r='',
m='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';
s.split('').forEach(function (v) {
b=(b<<6)+m.indexOf(v); l+=6;
if (l>=8) r+=String.fromCharCode((b>>>(l-=8))&0xff);
});
return r;
}
What I was actually after was an asynchronous implementation and to my surprise it turns out forEach as opposed to JQuery's $([]).each method implementation is very much synchronous.
If you also had such crazy notions in mind a 0 delay window.setTimeout will run the base64 decode asynchronously and execute the callback function with the result when done.
function decode_base64_async(s, cb) {
setTimeout(function () { cb(decode_base64(s)); }, 0);
}
@Toothbrush suggested "index a string like an array", and get rid of the split. This routine seems really odd and not sure how compatible it will be, but it does hit another birdie so lets have it.
function decode_base64(s) {
var b=l=0, r='',
m='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';
[].forEach.call(s, function (v) {
b=(b<<6)+m.indexOf(v); l+=6;
if (l>=8) r+=String.fromCharCode((b>>>(l-=8))&0xff);
});
return r;
}
While trying to find more information on JavaScript string as array I stumbled on this pro tip using a /./g regex to step through a string. This reduces the code size even more by replacing the string in place and eliminating the need of keeping a return variable.
function decode_base64(s) {
var b=l=0,
m='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';
return s.replace(/./g, function (v) {
b=(b<<6)+m.indexOf(v); l+=6;
return l<8?'':String.fromCharCode((b>>>(l-=8))&0xff);
});
}
If however you were looking for something a little more traditional perhaps the following is more to your taste.
function decode_base64(s) {
var b=l=0, r='', s=s.split(''), i,
m='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';
for (i in s) {
b=(b<<6)+m.indexOf(s[i]); l+=6;
if (l>=8) r+=String.fromCharCode((b>>>(l-=8))&0xff);
}
return r;
}
I didn't have the trailing null issue so this was removed to remain under par but it should easily be resolved with a trim() or a trimRight() if you'd prefer, should this pose a problem for you.
ie.
return r.trimRight();
Note:
The result is an ascii byte string, if you need unicode the easiest is to escape the byte string which can then be decoded with decodeURIComponent to produce the unicode string.
function decode_base64_usc(s) {
return decodeURIComponent(escape(decode_base64(s)));
}
Since escape is being deprecated we could change our function to support unicode directly without the need for escape or String.fromCharCode we can produce a % escaped string ready for URI decoding.
function decode_base64(s) {
var b=l=0,
m='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';
return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(/./g, function (v) {
b=(b<<6)+m.indexOf(v); l+=6;
return l<8?'':'%'+(0x100+((b>>>(l-=8))&0xff)).toString(16).slice(-2);
}));
}
nJoy!
6
votes
I have tried the Javascript routines at phpjs.org and they have worked well.
I first tried the routines suggested in the chosen answer by Ranhiru Cooray - http://ntt.cc/2008/01/19/base64-encoder-decoder-with-javascript.html
I found that they did not work in all circumstances. I wrote up a test case where these routines fail and posted them to GitHub at:
https://github.com/scottcarter/base64_javascript_test_data.git
I also posted a comment to the blog post at ntt.cc to alert the author (awaiting moderation - the article is old so not sure if comment will get posted).
6
votes
For what it's worth, I got inspired by the other answers and wrote a small utility which calls the platform specific APIs to be used universally from either Node.js or a browser:
/**
* Encode a string of text as base64
*
* @param data The string of text.
* @returns The base64 encoded string.
*/
function encodeBase64(data: string) {
if (typeof btoa === "function") {
return btoa(data);
} else if (typeof Buffer === "function") {
return Buffer.from(data, "utf-8").toString("base64");
} else {
throw new Error("Failed to determine the platform specific encoder");
}
}
/**
* Decode a string of base64 as text
*
* @param data The string of base64 encoded text
* @returns The decoded text.
*/
function decodeBase64(data: string) {
if (typeof atob === "function") {
return atob(data);
} else if (typeof Buffer === "function") {
return Buffer.from(data, "base64").toString("utf-8");
} else {
throw new Error("Failed to determine the platform specific decoder");
}
}5
votes
Modern browsers have built-in javascript functions for Base64 encoding btoa() and decoding atob(). More info about support in older browser versions: https://caniuse.com/?search=atob
However, be aware that atob and btoa functions work only for ASCII charset.
If you need Base64 functions for UTF-8 charset, you can do it with:
function base64_encode(s) {
return btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(s)));
}
function base64_decode(s) {
return decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(s)));
}
2
votes
1
votes
I'd rather use the bas64 encode/decode methods from CryptoJS, the most popular library for standard and secure cryptographic algorithms implemented in JavaScript using best practices and patterns.
1
votes
Frontend: Good solutions above, but quickly for the backend...
NodeJS - no deprecation
Use Buffer.from.
> inBase64 = Buffer.from('plain').toString('base64')
'cGxhaW4='
> // DEPRECATED //
> new Buffer(inBase64, 'base64').toString()
'plain'
> (node:1188987) [DEP0005] DeprecationWarning: Buffer() is deprecated due to security and usability issues. Please use the Buffer.alloc(), Buffer.allocUnsafe(), or Buffer.from() methods instead.
(Use `node --trace-deprecation ...` to show where the warning was created)
// Works //
> Buffer.from(inBase64, 'base64').toString()
'plain'
0
votes
For JavaScripts frameworks where there is no atob method and in case you do not want to import external libraries, this is short function that does it.
It would get a string that contains Base64 encoded value and will return a decoded array of bytes (where the array of bytes is represented as array of numbers where each number is an integer between 0 and 255 inclusive).
function fromBase64String(str) {
var alpha =
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
var value = [];
var index = 0;
var destIndex = 0;
var padding = false;
while (true) {
var first = getNextChr(str, index, padding, alpha);
var second = getNextChr(str, first .nextIndex, first .padding, alpha);
var third = getNextChr(str, second.nextIndex, second.padding, alpha);
var fourth = getNextChr(str, third .nextIndex, third .padding, alpha);
index = fourth.nextIndex;
padding = fourth.padding;
// ffffffss sssstttt ttffffff
var base64_first = first.code == null ? 0 : first.code;
var base64_second = second.code == null ? 0 : second.code;
var base64_third = third.code == null ? 0 : third.code;
var base64_fourth = fourth.code == null ? 0 : fourth.code;
var a = (( base64_first << 2) & 0xFC ) | ((base64_second>>4) & 0x03);
var b = (( base64_second<< 4) & 0xF0 ) | ((base64_third >>2) & 0x0F);
var c = (( base64_third << 6) & 0xC0 ) | ((base64_fourth>>0) & 0x3F);
value [destIndex++] = a;
if (!third.padding) {
value [destIndex++] = b;
} else {
break;
}
if (!fourth.padding) {
value [destIndex++] = c;
} else {
break;
}
if (index >= str.length) {
break;
}
}
return value;
}
function getNextChr(str, index, equalSignReceived, alpha) {
var chr = null;
var code = 0;
var padding = equalSignReceived;
while (index < str.length) {
chr = str.charAt(index);
if (chr == " " || chr == "\r" || chr == "\n" || chr == "\t") {
index++;
continue;
}
if (chr == "=") {
padding = true;
} else {
if (equalSignReceived) {
throw new Error("Invalid Base64 Endcoding character \""
+ chr + "\" with code " + str.charCodeAt(index)
+ " on position " + index
+ " received afer an equal sign (=) padding "
+ "character has already been received. "
+ "The equal sign padding character is the only "
+ "possible padding character at the end.");
}
code = alpha.indexOf(chr);
if (code == -1) {
throw new Error("Invalid Base64 Encoding character \""
+ chr + "\" with code " + str.charCodeAt(index)
+ " on position " + index + ".");
}
}
break;
}
return { character: chr, code: code, padding: padding, nextIndex: ++index};
}
Resources used: RFC-4648 Section 4
0
votes
Base64 Win-1251 decoding for encodings other than acsi or iso-8859-1.
As it turned out, all the scripts I saw here convert Cyrillic Base64 to iso-8859-1 encoding. It is strange that no one noticed this.
Thus, to restore the Cyrillic alphabet, it is enough to do an additional transcoding of the text from iso-8859-1 to windows-1251.
I think that with other languages, it will be the same. Just change Cyrilic windows-1251 to yours.
... and Thanks to Der Hochstapler for his code i'm take from his comment ... of over comment, which is somewhat unusual.
code for JScript (for Windows desktop only) (ActiveXObject) - 1251 file encoding
decode_base64=function(f){var g={},b=65,d=0,a,c=0,h,e="",k=String.fromCharCode,l=f.length;for(a="";91>b;)a+=k(b++);a+=a.toLowerCase()+"0123456789+/";for(b=0;64>b;b++)g[a.charAt(b)]=b;for(a=0;a<l;a++)for(b=g[f.charAt(a)],d=(d<<6)+b,c+=6;8<=c;)((h=d>>>(c-=8)&255)||a<l-2)&&(e+=k(h));return e};
sDOS2Win = function(sText, bInsideOut) {
var aCharsets = ["iso-8859-1", "windows-1251"];
sText += "";
bInsideOut = bInsideOut ? 1 : 0;
with (new ActiveXObject("ADODB.Stream")) { //http://www.w3schools.com/ado/ado_ref_stream.asp
type = 2; //Binary 1, Text 2 (default)
mode = 3; //Permissions have not been set 0, Read-only 1, Write-only 2, Read-write 3,
//Prevent other read 4, Prevent other write 8, Prevent other open 12, Allow others all 16
charset = aCharsets[bInsideOut];
open();
writeText(sText);
position = 0;
charset = aCharsets[1 - bInsideOut];
return readText();
}
}
var base64='0PPx8ero5SDh8+ru4uroIQ=='
text = sDOS2Win(decode_base64(base64), false );
WScript.Echo(text)
var x=WScript.StdIn.ReadLine();
