Exist easy way to solve your problem, just put in your .js this:
$ionicConfigProvider.backButton.icon('my-back-button');
(Please see $ionicConfigProvider documentation here)
and your css:
.my-back-button {
content: url('http://cdn.mysitemyway.com/etc-mysitemyway/icons/legacy-previews/icons/black-ink-grunge-stamps-textures-icons-arrows/003683-black-ink-grunge-stamp-textures-icon-arrows-double-arrowhead-left.png');
width: 35px;
}
You can run this example in this LINK
Another solution can be this (using only CSS):
<ion-nav-back-button class="button-clear">
<i class="button button-icon my-back-button"></i>
</ion-nav-back-button>
and your css:
.my-back-button {
content: url('http://cdn.mysitemyway.com/etc-mysitemyway/icons/legacy-previews/icons/black-ink-grunge-stamps-textures-icons-arrows/003683-black-ink-grunge-stamp-textures-icon-arrows-double-arrowhead-left.png');
width: 48px;
}
See this example here.
Note: A ionic blog in some way suggests using icon-fonts, but from my point does not make sense when there are few icons. Please read this link.
I hope this information is useful to you.