I had similar issue with c#, first I found that each project may have a few different types. i.e. in .csproject file locate ProjectTypeGuids, it should be a few guids, i.e.
<ProjectTypeGuids>{F85E285D-A4E0-4152-9332-AB1D724D3325};{349c5851-65df-11da-9384-00065b846f21};{fae04ec0-301f-11d3-bf4b-00c04f79efbc}</ProjectTypeGuids>
they will point on component you are missing. In my case it was ASP.NET MVC 2. Some guys get it worked by installing MVC 2 destribution.
My case was worse, because installation didn't work, but it turned out that it was because I had Express 2008 and 2010. I fixed it by uninstalling both 2008 & 2010 and installing only 2010 versions. For c# you need both Visual C# Express and Visual Web Developer express