In Amazon AWS there is an option to fetch information about the instance you are on by making HTTP request to meta data like:
curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
Particularly if you need to know instance type you can use
curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-type
No special tools are required. Is there anything like AWS metadata at Google Compute Engine so that one can get instance info without specifying project/instance name?