Using VCL TTimer in Delphi console application

Question

As the question subject says. I have a console application in Delphi, which contains a TTimer variable. The thing I want to do is assign an event handler to TTimer.OnTimer event. I am totally new to Delphi, I used to use C# and adding the event handlers to events is totally different. I have found out that one does not simply assign a procedure to event as a handler, you have to create a dummy class with a method which will be the handler, and then assign this method to the event. Here is the code I currently have:

program TimerTest;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  SysUtils,
  extctrls;

type
  TEventHandlers = class
    procedure OnTimerTick(Sender : TObject);
  end;

var
  Timer : TTimer;
  EventHandlers : TEventHandlers;


procedure TEventHandlers.OnTimerTick(Sender : TObject);
begin
  writeln('Hello from TimerTick event');
end;

var
  dummy:string;
begin
  EventHandlers := TEventHandlers.Create();
  Timer := TTimer.Create(nil);
  Timer.Enabled := false;
  Timer.Interval := 1000;
  Timer.OnTimer := EventHandlers.OnTimerTick;
  Timer.Enabled := true;
  readln(dummy);
end.

It seems correct to me, but it does not work for some reason.

EDIT
It appears that the TTimer component won't work because console applications do not have the message loop. Is there a way to create a timer in my application?

Answer 1

Your code does not work because TTimer component internally uses WM_TIMER message processing and a console app does not have a message loop. To make your code work you should create a message pumping loop yourself:

program TimerTest;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  SysUtils, Windows,
  extctrls;

type
  TEventHandlers = class
    procedure OnTimerTick(Sender : TObject);
  end;

var
  Timer : TTimer;
  EventHandlers : TEventHandlers;


procedure TEventHandlers.OnTimerTick(Sender : TObject);
begin
  writeln('Hello from TimerTick event');
end;

procedure MsgPump;
var
  Unicode: Boolean;
  Msg: TMsg;

begin
  while GetMessage(Msg, 0, 0, 0) do begin
    Unicode := (Msg.hwnd = 0) or IsWindowUnicode(Msg.hwnd);
    TranslateMessage(Msg);
    if Unicode then
      DispatchMessageW(Msg)
    else
      DispatchMessageA(Msg);
  end;
end;

begin
  EventHandlers := TEventHandlers.Create();
  Timer := TTimer.Create(nil);
  Timer.Enabled := false;
  Timer.Interval := 1000;
  Timer.OnTimer := EventHandlers.OnTimerTick;
  Timer.Enabled := true;
  MsgPump;
end.

Answer 2

As others have mentioned, console applications don't have a message pump.

Here is a TConsoleTimer thread class which mimics a TTimer class. The main difference is that the code in the event is executed in the TConsoleTimer thread.

Update

At the end of this post is a way to have this event called in the main thread.

unit ConsoleTimer;

interface

uses
  Windows, Classes, SyncObjs, Diagnostics;

type
  TConsoleTimer = Class(TThread)
  private
    FCancelFlag: TSimpleEvent;
    FTimerEnabledFlag: TSimpleEvent;
    FTimerProc: TNotifyEvent; // method to call
    FInterval: integer;
    procedure SetEnabled(doEnable: boolean);
    function GetEnabled: boolean;
    procedure SetInterval(interval: integer);
  protected
    procedure Execute; override;
  public
    Constructor Create;
    Destructor Destroy; override;
    property Enabled : boolean read GetEnabled write SetEnabled;
    property Interval: integer read FInterval write SetInterval;
    // Note: OnTimerEvent is executed in TConsoleTimer thread
    property OnTimerEvent: TNotifyEvent read FTimerProc write FTimerProc;
  end;

implementation

constructor TConsoleTimer.Create;
begin
  inherited Create(false);
  FTimerEnabledFlag := TSimpleEvent.Create;
  FCancelFlag := TSimpleEvent.Create;
  FTimerProc := nil;
  FInterval := 1000;
  Self.FreeOnTerminate := false; // Main thread controls for thread destruction
end;

destructor TConsoleTimer.Destroy; // Call TConsoleTimer.Free to cancel the thread
begin
  Terminate; 
  FTimerEnabledFlag.ResetEvent; // Stop timer event
  FCancelFlag.SetEvent; // Set cancel flag
  Waitfor; // Synchronize
  FCancelFlag.Free;
  FTimerEnabledFlag.Free;
  inherited;
end;

procedure TConsoleTimer.SetEnabled(doEnable: boolean);
begin
  if doEnable then
    FTimerEnabledFlag.SetEvent
  else
    FTimerEnabledFlag.ResetEvent;
end;

procedure TConsoleTimer.SetInterval(interval: integer);
begin
  FInterval := interval;
end;

procedure TConsoleTimer.Execute;
var
  waitList: array [0 .. 1] of THandle;
  waitInterval,lastProcTime: Int64;
  sw: TStopWatch;
begin
  sw.Create;
  waitList[0] := FTimerEnabledFlag.Handle;
  waitList[1] := FCancelFlag.Handle;
  lastProcTime := 0;
  while not Terminated do
  begin
    if (WaitForMultipleObjects(2, @waitList[0], false, INFINITE) <>
      WAIT_OBJECT_0) then
      break; // Terminate thread when FCancelFlag is signaled
    if Assigned(FTimerProc) then
    begin
      waitInterval := FInterval - lastProcTime;
      if (waitInterval < 0) then
        waitInterval := 0;
      if WaitForSingleObject(FCancelFlag.Handle,waitInterval) <> WAIT_TIMEOUT then
        break;

      if WaitForSingleObject(FTimerEnabledFlag.Handle, 0) = WAIT_OBJECT_0 then
      begin
        sw.Start;
        FTimerProc(Self);
        sw.Stop;
        // Interval adjusted for FTimerProc execution time
        lastProcTime := sw.ElapsedMilliSeconds;
      end;
    end;
  end;
end;

function TConsoleTimer.GetEnabled: boolean;
begin
  Result := (FTimerEnabledFlag.Waitfor(0) = wrSignaled);
end;

end.

And a test:

program TestConsoleTimer;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

{$R *.res}

uses
  System.SysUtils,ConsoleTimer;

type
  TMyTest = class
    procedure MyTimerProc(Sender: TObject);
  end;

procedure TMyTest.MyTimerProc(Sender: TObject);
begin
  // Code executed in TConsoleTimer thread !
  WriteLn('Timer event');
end;

var
  MyTest: TMyTest;
  MyTimer: TConsoleTimer;
begin
  MyTest := TMyTest.Create;
  try
    MyTimer := TConsoleTimer.Create;
    MyTimer.Interval := 1000;
    MyTimer.OnTimerEvent := MyTest.MyTimerProc;
    WriteLn('Press [Enter] key to end.');
    MyTimer.Enabled := true;
    ReadLn;
    MyTimer.Free;
  finally
    MyTest.Free;
    WriteLn('End.');
  end;
end.

---

As mentioned above, how do I make the event execute in the main thread?

Reading Delphi 7: Handling events in console application (TidIRC) gives the answer.

Add a method in TConsoleTimer:

procedure TConsoleTimer.SwapToMainThread;
begin
  FTimerProc(Self);
end;

and change the call in the Execute method to:

Synchronize(SwapToMainThread);

To pump the synchronized calls, use CheckSynchronize() function in Classes unit:

while not KeyPressed do CheckSynchronize(); // Pump the synchronize queue

Note: the console KeyPressed function can be found here:How i can implement a IsKeyPressed function in a delphi console application?.

Answer 3

Console applications don't have a message pump, but do have threads. If you create a thread that does the work and waits for the next second when the work is done, you should get the result you want. Read the documentation about TThread how to create a dedicated thread. Getting data to and from a thread is less straightforward though. That's why there are a number of alternatives to the 'raw' TThread that help with this, like OmniThreadLibrary.