Is there a Delphi equivalent of this .net's method:
Url.UrlEncode()
Note
I haven't worked with Delphi for several years now.
As I read through the answers I notice that there are several remarks and alternatives to the currently marked answer. I haven't had the opportunity to test them so I'm basing my answer on the most upvoted.
For your own sake, do check later answers and after deciding upvote the best answer so everybody can benefit from your experience.
Another simple way of doing this is to use the HTTPEncode function in the HTTPApp unit - very roughly
Uses
HTTPApp;
function URLEncode(const s : string) : string;
begin
result := HTTPEncode(s);
end
HTTPEncode is deprecated in Delphi 10.3 - 'Use TNetEncoding.URL.Decode'
Uses
NetEncoding;
function URLEncode(const s : string) : string;
begin
result := TNetEncoding.URL.Encode(s);
end
I made myself this function to encode everything except really safe characters. Especially I had problems with +. Be aware that you can not encode the whole URL with this function but you need to encdoe the parts that you want to have no special meaning, typically the values of the variables.
function MyEncodeUrl(source:string):string;
var i:integer;
begin
result := '';
for i := 1 to length(source) do
if not (source[i] in ['A'..'Z','a'..'z','0','1'..'9','-','_','~','.']) then result := result + '%'+inttohex(ord(source[i]),2) else result := result + source[i];
end;
Update 2018: the code shown below seems to be outdated. see Remy's comment.
class function TIdURI.ParamsEncode(const ASrc: string): string;
var
i: Integer;
const
UnsafeChars = '*#%<> []'; {do not localize}
begin
Result := ''; {Do not Localize}
for i := 1 to Length(ASrc) do
begin
if CharIsInSet(ASrc, i, UnsafeChars) or (not CharIsInSet(ASrc, i, CharRange(#33,#128))) then begin {do not localize}
Result := Result + '%' + IntToHex(Ord(ASrc[i]), 2); {do not localize}
end else begin
Result := Result + ASrc[i];
end;
end;
end;
From Indy.
Anyway Indy is not working properly so YOU NEED TO SEE THIS ARTICLE:
http://marc.durdin.net/2012/07/indy-tiduri-pathencode-urlencode-and-paramsencode-and-more/
In a non-dotnet environment, the Wininet unit provides access to Windows' WinHTTP encode function: InternetCanonicalizeUrl
I was also facing the same issue (Delphi 4).
I resolved the issue using below mentioned function:
function fnstUrlEncodeUTF8(stInput : widestring) : string;
const
hex : array[0..255] of string = (
'%00', '%01', '%02', '%03', '%04', '%05', '%06', '%07',
'%08', '%09', '%0a', '%0b', '%0c', '%0d', '%0e', '%0f',
'%10', '%11', '%12', '%13', '%14', '%15', '%16', '%17',
'%18', '%19', '%1a', '%1b', '%1c', '%1d', '%1e', '%1f',
'%20', '%21', '%22', '%23', '%24', '%25', '%26', '%27',
'%28', '%29', '%2a', '%2b', '%2c', '%2d', '%2e', '%2f',
'%30', '%31', '%32', '%33', '%34', '%35', '%36', '%37',
'%38', '%39', '%3a', '%3b', '%3c', '%3d', '%3e', '%3f',
'%40', '%41', '%42', '%43', '%44', '%45', '%46', '%47',
'%48', '%49', '%4a', '%4b', '%4c', '%4d', '%4e', '%4f',
'%50', '%51', '%52', '%53', '%54', '%55', '%56', '%57',
'%58', '%59', '%5a', '%5b', '%5c', '%5d', '%5e', '%5f',
'%60', '%61', '%62', '%63', '%64', '%65', '%66', '%67',
'%68', '%69', '%6a', '%6b', '%6c', '%6d', '%6e', '%6f',
'%70', '%71', '%72', '%73', '%74', '%75', '%76', '%77',
'%78', '%79', '%7a', '%7b', '%7c', '%7d', '%7e', '%7f',
'%80', '%81', '%82', '%83', '%84', '%85', '%86', '%87',
'%88', '%89', '%8a', '%8b', '%8c', '%8d', '%8e', '%8f',
'%90', '%91', '%92', '%93', '%94', '%95', '%96', '%97',
'%98', '%99', '%9a', '%9b', '%9c', '%9d', '%9e', '%9f',
'%a0', '%a1', '%a2', '%a3', '%a4', '%a5', '%a6', '%a7',
'%a8', '%a9', '%aa', '%ab', '%ac', '%ad', '%ae', '%af',
'%b0', '%b1', '%b2', '%b3', '%b4', '%b5', '%b6', '%b7',
'%b8', '%b9', '%ba', '%bb', '%bc', '%bd', '%be', '%bf',
'%c0', '%c1', '%c2', '%c3', '%c4', '%c5', '%c6', '%c7',
'%c8', '%c9', '%ca', '%cb', '%cc', '%cd', '%ce', '%cf',
'%d0', '%d1', '%d2', '%d3', '%d4', '%d5', '%d6', '%d7',
'%d8', '%d9', '%da', '%db', '%dc', '%dd', '%de', '%df',
'%e0', '%e1', '%e2', '%e3', '%e4', '%e5', '%e6', '%e7',
'%e8', '%e9', '%ea', '%eb', '%ec', '%ed', '%ee', '%ef',
'%f0', '%f1', '%f2', '%f3', '%f4', '%f5', '%f6', '%f7',
'%f8', '%f9', '%fa', '%fb', '%fc', '%fd', '%fe', '%ff');
var
iLen,iIndex : integer;
stEncoded : string;
ch : widechar;
begin
iLen := Length(stInput);
stEncoded := '';
for iIndex := 1 to iLen do
begin
ch := stInput[iIndex];
if (ch >= 'A') and (ch <= 'Z') then
stEncoded := stEncoded + ch
else if (ch >= 'a') and (ch <= 'z') then
stEncoded := stEncoded + ch
else if (ch >= '0') and (ch <= '9') then
stEncoded := stEncoded + ch
else if (ch = ' ') then
stEncoded := stEncoded + '+'
else if ((ch = '-') or (ch = '_') or (ch = '.') or (ch = '!') or (ch = '*')
or (ch = '~') or (ch = '\') or (ch = '(') or (ch = ')')) then
stEncoded := stEncoded + ch
else if (Ord(ch) <= $07F) then
stEncoded := stEncoded + hex[Ord(ch)]
else if (Ord(ch) <= $7FF) then
begin
stEncoded := stEncoded + hex[$c0 or (Ord(ch) shr 6)];
stEncoded := stEncoded + hex[$80 or (Ord(ch) and $3F)];
end
else
begin
stEncoded := stEncoded + hex[$e0 or (Ord(ch) shr 12)];
stEncoded := stEncoded + hex[$80 or ((Ord(ch) shr 6) and ($3F))];
stEncoded := stEncoded + hex[$80 or ((Ord(ch)) and ($3F))];
end;
end;
result := (stEncoded);
end;
source : Java source code
I have made my own function. It converts spaces to %20, not to plus sign. It was needed to convert local file path to path for browser (with file:/// prefix). The most important is it handles UTF-8 strings. It was inspired by Radek Hladik's solution above.
function URLEncode(s: string): string;
var
i: integer;
source: PAnsiChar;
begin
result := '';
source := pansichar(s);
for i := 1 to length(source) do
if not (source[i - 1] in ['A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '0'..'9', '-', '_', '~', '.', ':', '/']) then
result := result + '%' + inttohex(ord(source[i - 1]), 2)
else
result := result + source[i - 1];
end;
TIdUri or HTTPEncode has problems with unicode charactersets. Function below will do correct encoding for you.
function EncodeURIComponent(const ASrc: string): UTF8String;
const
HexMap: UTF8String = '0123456789ABCDEF';
function IsSafeChar(ch: Integer): Boolean;
begin
if (ch >= 48) and (ch <= 57) then Result := True // 0-9
else if (ch >= 65) and (ch <= 90) then Result := True // A-Z
else if (ch >= 97) and (ch <= 122) then Result := True // a-z
else if (ch = 33) then Result := True // !
else if (ch >= 39) and (ch <= 42) then Result := True // '()*
else if (ch >= 45) and (ch <= 46) then Result := True // -.
else if (ch = 95) then Result := True // _
else if (ch = 126) then Result := True // ~
else Result := False;
end;
var
I, J: Integer;
ASrcUTF8: UTF8String;
begin
Result := ''; {Do not Localize}
ASrcUTF8 := UTF8Encode(ASrc);
// UTF8Encode call not strictly necessary but
// prevents implicit conversion warning
I := 1; J := 1;
SetLength(Result, Length(ASrcUTF8) * 3); // space to %xx encode every byte
while I <= Length(ASrcUTF8) do
begin
if IsSafeChar(Ord(ASrcUTF8[I])) then
begin
Result[J] := ASrcUTF8[I];
Inc(J);
end
else if ASrcUTF8[I] = ' ' then
begin
Result[J] := '+';
Inc(J);
end
else
begin
Result[J] := '%';
Result[J+1] := HexMap[(Ord(ASrcUTF8[I]) shr 4) + 1];
Result[J+2] := HexMap[(Ord(ASrcUTF8[I]) and 15) + 1];
Inc(J,3);
end;
Inc(I);
end;
SetLength(Result, J-1);
end;
I'd like to point out that if you care much more about correctness than about efficiency, the simplest you can do is hex encode every character, even if it's not strictly necessary.
Just today I needed to encode a few parameters for a basic HTML login form submission. After going through all the options, each with their own caveats, I decided to write this naive version that works perfectly:
function URLEncode(const AStr: string): string;
var
LBytes: TBytes;
LIndex: Integer;
begin
Result := '';
LBytes := TEncoding.UTF8.GetBytes(AStr);
for LIndex := Low(LBytes) to High(LBytes) do
Result := Result + '%' + IntToHex(LBytes[LIndex], 2);
end;
