How to create a file containing Unicode characters in its filename with open in a portable way?

Question

I have a perl string containing Unicode characters and I want to create a file with this string as a filename. It should work on Windows, Linux and Mac whatever the locale used. Here is my code:

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

use Encode::Locale;
use Encode;

# ファイル.c
my $file = "\x{30D5}\x{30A1}\x{30A4}\x{30EB}.c";

$file = encode(locale_fs => $file);

open(my $filehdl, '>', $file) or die("Unable to create file: $!");
close($filehdl);

I use encode function because, according to this answer:

Perl treats file names as opaque strings of bytes. They need to be encoded as per your "locale"'s encoding (ANSI code page).

However, this code fails with the following error:

Unable to create file: Invalid argument at .\perl.pl line 15.

I took a deeper look on how the string is encoded by encode:

my $rep = sprintf '%v02X', $file;
print($rep);

This prints:

3F.3F.3F.3F.2E.63

In my current locale (CP-1252), it corresponds to ????.c. We can see that each Unicode characters has been replaced by a question mark. I think it is normal to have question marks here because the characters in my string are not representable using CP-1252 encoding.

So, my question is: is there a way to create a file with a name containing Unicode characters?