Converting a PDF to PNG

86
votes

I'm trying to convert a PDF to a PNG image (at least the cover of one). I'm successfully extracting the first page of the PDF with pdftk. I'm using imagemagick to do the conversion:

convert cover.pdf cover.png

This works, but unfortunately the cover.png comes through incorrectly rendered (some of the alpha object in the PDF aren't rendered properly). I know ImageMagick uses GhostScript to do the conversion and if I do it directly with gs I can get the desired results, but I'd rather use the convert library as it has other tools I'd like to leverage.

This command in GhostScript accomplishes the desired image:

gs -sDEVICE=pngalpha -sOutputFile=cover.png -r144 cover.pdf

I'm wondering is there any way to pass arguments through convert to GhostScript or am I stuck with calling GhostScript directly?

11
imagepdfpngimagemagickghostscript
Why is calling GhostScript directly a problem? – kquinn
It really isn't that big of a deal. I'd like to run some other params through convert at the same time and it'd be nice if I could keep it all in one command. Keeps my code cleaner and more consistent. It also means one less temporary file. – Adam
See also PDFBox: Problem with converting pdf page into image and Use Apache PDFBox convert PDF to image. – Petr
What's the difference between how you call gs and how ImageMagick calls it? Might be worth reporting something upstream to ImageMagick (note to followers, updating ghostscript can help as well...) – rogerdpack

11 Answers

73
votes

You can use one commandline with two commands (gs, convert) connected through a pipe, if the first command can write its output to stdout, and if the second one can read its input from stdin.

  1. Luckily, gs can write to stdout (... -o %stdout ...).
  2. Luckily, convert can read from stdin (convert -background transparent - output.png).

Problem solved:

  • GS used for alpha channel handling a special image,
  • convert used for creating transparent background,
  • pipe used to avoid writing out a temp file on disk.

Complete solution: 

gs -sDEVICE=pngalpha       \
   -o %stdout              \
   -r144 cover.pdf         \
   |                       \
convert                    \
   -background transparent \
   -                       \
    cover.png

Update

If you want to have a separate PNG per PDF page, you can use the %d syntax:

gs -sDEVICE=pngalpha -o file-%03d.png -r144 cover.pdf

This will create PNG files named page-000.png, page-001.png, ... (Note that the %d-counting is zero-based -- file-000.png corresponds to page 1 of the PDF, 001 to page 2...

Or, if you want to keep your transparent background, for a 100-page PDF, do

for i in {1..100}; do        \
                             \
  gs -sDEVICE=pngalpha       \
     -dFirstPage="${i}"      \
     -dLastPage="${i}"       \
     -o %stdout              \
     -r144 input.pdf         \
     |                       \
  convert                    \
     -background transparent \
     -                       \
      page-${i}.png ;        \
                             \
done
29
votes

Out of all the available alternatives I found Inkscape to produce the most accurate results when converting PDFs to PNG. Especially when the source file had transparent layers, Inkscape succeeded where Imagemagick and other tools failed.

This is the command I use:

inkscape "$pdf" -z --export-dpi=600 --export-area-drawing --export-png="$pngfile"

And here it is implemented in a script:

#!/bin/bash

while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do

pdf=$1
echo "Converting "$pdf" ..."
pngfile=`echo "$pdf" | sed 's/\.\w*$/.png/'`
inkscape "$pdf" -z --export-dpi=600 --export-area-drawing --export-png="$pngfile"
echo "Converted to "$pngfile""
shift

done

echo "All jobs done. Exiting."
22
votes

To convert pdf to image files use following commands:

For PNG gs -sDEVICE=png16m -dTextAlphaBits=4 -r300 -o a.png a.pdf

For JPG gs -sDEVICE=jpeg -dTextAlphaBits=4 -r300 -o a.jpg a.pdf

If you have multiple pages add to name %03d gs -o a%03d.jpg a.pdf

What each option means:

  • sDEVICE={jpeg,pngalpha,png16m...} - filetype
  • -o - output file (%stdout to stdout)
  • -dTextAlphaBits=4 - font antialiasing.
  • -r300 - 300 dpi
10
votes

One can also use the command line utilities included in poppler-utils package:

sudo apt-get install poppler-utils
pdftoppm --help
pdftocairo --help

Example:

pdftocairo -png mypage.pdf mypage.png
7
votes

Couldn't get the accepted answer to work. Then found out that actually the solution is much simpler anyway as Ghostscript not just natively supports PNG but even multiple different "encodings":

  • png256
  • png16
  • pnggray
  • pngmono
  • ...

The shell command that works for me is:

gs -dNOPAUSE -q -sDEVICE=pnggray -r500 -dBATCH -dFirstPage=2 -dLastPage=2 -sOutputFile=test.png test.pdf

It will save page 2 of test.pdf to test.png using the pnggray encoding and 500 DPI.

2
votes

I'll add my solution, even thought his thread is old. Maybe this will help someone anyway.

First, I need to generate the PDF. I use XeLaTeX for that:

xelatex test.tex

Now, ImageMagick and GraphicMagic both parse parameters from left to right, so the leftmost parameter, will be executed first. I ended up using this sequence for optimal processing:

gm convert -trim -transparent white -background transparent -density 1200x1200 -resize 25% test.pdf test.png

It gives nice graphics on transparent background, trimmed to what is actually on the page. The -density and -resize parameters, give a better granularity, and increase overall resolution.

I suggest checking if the density can be decreased for you. It'll cut down converting time.

2
votes

For a PDF that ImageMagick was giving inaccurate colors I found that GraphicsMagick did a better job:

$ gm convert -quality 100 -thumbnail x300 -flatten journal.pdf\[0\] cover.jpg
2
votes

As this page also lists alternative tools I'll mention xpdf which has command line tools ready compiled for Linux/Windows/Mac. Supports transparency. Is free for commercial use - opposed to Ghostscript which has truly outrageous pricing.

In a test on a huge PDF file it was 7.5% faster than Ghostscript.

(It also has PDF to text and HTML converters)

2
votes

Try to extract a single page.

$page = 4

gs -sDEVICE=pngalpha -dFirstPage="$page" -dLastPage="$page" -o thumb.png -r144 input.pdf
1
votes

My solution is much simpler and more direct. At least it works that way on my PC (with the following specs): 

me@home: my.folder$ uname -a
Linux home 3.2.0-54-generic-pae #82-Ubuntu SMP Tue Sep 10 20:29:22 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

with

me@home: my.folder$ convert --version
Version: ImageMagick 6.6.9-7 2012-08-17 Q16 http://www.imagemagick.org
Copyright: Copyright (C) 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC
Features: OpenMP

So, here's what I run on my file.pdf:

me@home: my.folder$ convert -density 300 -quality 100 file.pdf file.png
0
votes

You can use ImageMagick without separating the first page of the PDF with other tools. Just do

convert -density 288 cover.pdf[0] -resize 25% cover.png


Here I increase the nominal density by 400% (72*4=288) and then resize by 1/4 (25%). This gives a much better quality for the resulting png.

However, if the PDF is CMYK, PNG does not support that. It would need to be converted to sRGB, especially if it has transparency, since Ghostscript cannot handle CMYK with alpha.

convert -density 288 -colorspace sRGB -resize 25% cover.pdf[0] cover.png