When I switch to that directory
Don't run dotnet new from within the /usr/bin directory. What's in there is a symlink to the actual binary so that it's available on your PATH. So /usr/bin/dotnet will likely point to a location such as /usr/lib64/dotnet/dotnet. You should be able to run dotnet from any location that your user has access to.
It's likely that the problem, is related to the fact that dotnet-sdk-3.1 is now available in the official fedora repo as well as the microsoft repos so you may have a mix of binaries that are incompatible.
I had a similar problem today where I had a mix of packages like the following installed:
dotnet-apphost-pack-3.1 x86_64 3.1.8-1.fc32 @updates
dotnet-host x86_64 3.1.8-1.fc32 @updates
dotnet-hostfxr-3.1 x86_64 3.1.8-1.fc32 @updates
dotnet-runtime-3.1 x86_64 3.1.8-1.fc32 @updates
dotnet-runtime-deps-3.1 x86_64 3.1.8-1 @packages-microsoft-com-prod
dotnet-sdk-3.1 x86_64 3.1.402-1 @packages-microsoft-com-prod
dotnet-targeting-pack-3.1 x86_64 3.1.8-1.fc32 @updates
...
it turned out the packages I'd installed before from Microsoft's repo don't play well with the Fedora ones (the ones with .fc32).
To solve this I simply needed to uninstall all my dotnet packages: sudo dnf remove dotnet-* then set the priority of the fedora repos to be higher than microsofts. This is done by editing the affected repos such as /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo and adding:
priority = N (where N is a number between 1 and 99)
I set fedora's repos to priority 1 (they really should do that anyway) and microsofts repos to 5.
Then simply install again, this time it will pull down from Fedora repo:
sudo dnf install dotnet-sdk-3.1
And now it's more like:
dotnet-sdk-3.1 x86_64 3.1.108-1.fc32 @updates
dotnet-apphost-pack-3.1 x86_64 3.1.8-1.fc32 @updates
dotnet-host x86_64 3.1.8-1.fc32 @updates
dotnet-hostfxr-3.1 x86_64 3.1.8-1.fc32 @updates
dotnet-runtime-3.1 x86_64 3.1.8-1.fc32 @updates
dotnet-targeting-pack-3.1 x86_64 3.1.8-1.fc32 @updates
...
and everythings working as it should be. Running dotnet --list-sdks outputs: 3.1.108 [/usr/lib64/dotnet/sdk]
sudo dnf dotnet-sdk-3.1- WCS