You should do some API calls to infer that.
First, you should get all teams in your organization. Do to that you should call:
GET /groups?$select=id,resourceProvisioningOptions
Or:
GET /groups?$filter=resourceProvisioningOptions/Any(x:x eq 'Team')
You can read more about it at List all teams in Microsoft Teams for an organization. The response will be of the form:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-type: application/json
Content-length: xxx
{
"@odata.context": "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/$metadata#groups",
"value": [
{
"id": "00e897b1-70ba-4cb9-9126-fd5f95c4bb78",
"resourceProvisioningOptions": []
},
{
"id": "00f6e045-f884-4359-a617-d459ee626862",
"resourceProvisioningOptions": [
"Team"
]
}
]
}
Then, for each id in the response above, you should call to list channels:
GET /teams/{id}/channels
You can read more about this API at List Chanels. The response will have an entry in its json called webUrl. The value of that key, will be the channel URL you are looking for.