The answer is No.
1,If your customers donot have access to your azure devops project.
The most direct workaround i can think of is to create a azure repo and upload the universal package to this repo. Then create a PAT with only Code-read
scope. Then you can share below commands with your customers. They can download the universal package directly with below git command.
git clone https://{PAT}@dev.azure.com/{Org}/{Proj}/_git/{repoName}
The PAT created above may have the access to your other azure repos. To create a more secure PAT with access to only one repo, you can refer to this thread Giving a script Git access to a single Azure Repo
2,If your customers have access to your azure devops project.
They can use their own credential to git clone the universal package azure repo directly.
Pulish the universal package to azure pipeline server as build artifacts as Torsten mentioned is workable too. But it is a little complicated.
You have to create a pipeline to publish the package and call Get Artifacts rest API to get the download url of the build artifacts. The download url will authenticate Your customers to download the artifacts.(So This is only workable if customers have access to your azure devops project)