You cannot use a bind variable as a dynamic column name. Instead, whitelist the columns in a CASE
statement:
SELECT columnnames
FROM table
WHERE CASE UPPER( :P592_column )
WHEN 'COLUMN1' THEN column1
WHEN 'COLUMN2' THEN column2
WHEN 'COLUMN3' THEN column3
WHEN 'COLUMN4' THEN column4
END = :P592_value;
Or for multiple columns:
SELECT columnnames
FROM table
WHERE CASE UPPER( :P592_column )
WHEN 'COLUMN1' THEN column1
WHEN 'COLUMN2' THEN column2
WHEN 'COLUMN3' THEN column3
WHEN 'COLUMN4' THEN column4
END LIKE '%' || :P592_value || '%'
AND CASE UPPER( :P592_column1 )
WHEN 'COLUMN1' THEN column1
WHEN 'COLUMN2' THEN column2
WHEN 'COLUMN3' THEN column3
WHEN 'COLUMN4' THEN column4
END LIKE '%' || :P592_value1 || '%'
AND CASE UPPER( :P592_column2 )
WHEN 'COLUMN1' THEN column1
WHEN 'COLUMN2' THEN column2
WHEN 'COLUMN3' THEN column3
WHEN 'COLUMN4' THEN column4
END LIKE '%' || :P592_value2 || '%';