The P in LDAP stands for "protocol". That's all LDAP is: a protocol for communication between a directory server (like Active Directory) and a client application. Any limitation on number of accounts will not have anything to do with LDAP. It's the directory server behind the scenes that will dictate any such limitation.
If you're talking about Active Directory, the only limit is the absolute maximum number of objects (any type of objects) that can be created in the lifetime of any one domain. By default that is 1,073,741,823, but in domains running on Windows Server 2012, it can be raised to 2,147,483,647. (You can read about that here if you'd like)
So there is nothing stopping your from putting 150,000 users in one OU. However, it might be in your benefit to split those up into different OUs (even if those OUs are all under the one OU) so when you open an OU in AD Users and Computers (or any other management tool) it won't have to load all those users before you find what you're looking for.