If you don't see an abnormal increment of binary logs while running the command SHOW BINARY LOGS; try to check the size of temporary tablespace by running the following command:
SELECT FILE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME, ENGINE, INITIAL_SIZE, TOTAL_EXTENTS*EXTENT_SIZE
AS TotalSizeBytes, DATA_FREE, MAXIMUM_SIZE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES
WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME = 'innodb_temporary'\G
You can also try to check the size of the general logs if you enabled them by running:
SELECT ROUND(SUM(LENGTH(argument)/POW(1024,2),2) AS GB from mysql.general_log;
If you want to solve this issue quickly to avoid more charges you can try to restart your instance (if temporal logs are filling your disk this will delete them) and export your database to a new instance with a smaller disk and then delete your old instance.
You can also try to contact Google Cloud support if you need further help with your Cloud SQL instance
SHOW BINARY LOGS;in your Cloud SQL instance - Chris32