I've been reading through many examples (both here and through various blogs and virtualbox/vagrant documentation) and at this point I think I should be able to do this.
What I ultimately would like to do is communicate with my docker daemon on my host machine and all the subsequent services I spin up arbitrarily.
To try to get this to work, I run the simple nginx container on my host and confirm it works:
$ docker run --name some-nginx -d -p 8080:80 docker.io/library/nginx:1.17.9
$ curl localhost:8080
> Welcome to nginx!
In my Vagrantfile I've define my host-only network:
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.50.4",
virtualbox__intnet: true
Now in my guest vagrant box, I expect that I should be able to access this same port:
$ curl localhost:8080
> curl: (7) Failed to connect to localhost port 8080: Connection refused
$ curl 127.0.0.1:8080
> curl: (7) Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 8080: Connection refused
$ curl 192.168.50.4:8080 # I hope not, but maybe this will work?
> curl: (7) Failed to connect to 192.168.50.4 port 8080: Connection refused