I hit the same issue when I upgraded my app from .NET Core 3.0 to .NET Core 3.1 while using Blazor Client. The first "fix" I found was to do a force-refresh on the client (the web browser). That is, I pressed Ctrl+F5 to refresh.
I'm assuming that there was some API call that was being cached on the client and due to some version/format changes from 3.0 to 3.1, the old cached data was no longer valid, causing an error.
I'll be contacting the people who work on Blazor to try to get more info (I work with them at Microsoft).
Update June 1, 2020
I hit this again running my app on Azure App Services. This time even Ctrl+F5 didn't work. But I found https://stackoverflow.com/a/59356356/31668, and applied the fix there, which seemed to fix my problem.
I made a slight change to the code because in my case I use the Azure SignalR service only in staging/production and not in development. So I have this code in my app's Startup.cs ConfigureServices method:
if (!HostingEnvironment.IsDevelopment())
{
services.AddSignalR().AddAzureSignalR(options =>
{
options.ServerStickyMode = Microsoft.Azure.SignalR.ServerStickyMode.Required;
});
}