I was trying out clay in VB.Net but found that I could not get everything to work.
Here is Clay
This works in C#
dynamic c = new ClayFactory();
var plant = c.Plant(new {LatinName = "test"});
Console.WriteLine(plant.LatinName);
Console.ReadLine();
but this does not work in VB.Net
Dim c As Object = New ClayFactory
Dim plant = c.Plant(New With {.LatinName = "test"})
Console.WriteLine(plant.LatinName)
Console.ReadLine()
I get this error message in VB.Net:
> Cannot close over byref parameter
> '$arg1' referenced in lambda ''
I'm not 100% sure how to solve this if I can even solve it. I'm guessing the VB.Net implementation of anonymous types is slightly different.
I get the error on this line:
Dim plant = c.Plant(New With {.LatinName = "test"})
I would appreciate if someone could explain this to me.
The IL seems to be quit different.
For VB the private field Latinname is this:
.field private initonly !T0 $LatinName
For C# it is:
.field private initonly !'<LatinName>j__TPar' '<LatinName>i__Field'
.custom instance void [mscorlib]System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableAttribute::.ctor(valuetype [mscorlib]System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState) = ( 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 )
And the public method Get_LatinName is this.
VB:
.method public specialname instance !T0 get_LatinName() cil managed
{
.custom instance void [mscorlib]System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute::.ctor() = ( 01 00 00 00 )
// Code size 11 (0xb)
.maxstack 1
.locals init (!T0 V_0)
IL_0000: ldarg.0
IL_0001: ldfld !0 class VB$AnonymousType_0`1::$LatinName
IL_0006: stloc.0
IL_0007: br.s IL_0009
IL_0009: ldloc.0
IL_000a: ret
} // end of method VB$AnonymousType_0`1::get_LatinName
C#:
.method public hidebysig specialname instance !'j__TPar'
get_LatinName() cil managed
{
// Code size 11 (0xb)
.maxstack 1
.locals init (!'j__TPar' V_0)
IL_0000: ldarg.0
IL_0001: ldfld !0 class 'f__AnonymousType0`1'j__TPar'>::'i__Field'
IL_0006: stloc.0
IL_0007: br.s IL_0009
IL_0009: ldloc.0
IL_000a: ret
} // end of method 'f__AnonymousType0`1'::get_LatinName
And these are the main methods:
VB:
.method public static void Main() cil managed
{
.entrypoint
.custom instance void [mscorlib]System.STAThreadAttribute::.ctor() = ( 01 00 00 00 )
// Code size 90 (0x5a)
.maxstack 7
.locals init ([0] object c,
[1] object plant,
[2] class VB$AnonymousType_0`1 VB$t_ref$S0,
[3] object[] VB$t_array$S0)
IL_0000: nop
IL_0001: newobj instance void [ClaySharp]ClaySharp.ClayFactory::.ctor()
IL_0006: stloc.0
IL_0007: ldloc.0
IL_0008: ldnull
IL_0009: ldstr "Plant"
IL_000e: ldc.i4.1
IL_000f: newarr [mscorlib]System.Object
IL_0014: stloc.3
IL_0015: ldloc.3
IL_0016: ldc.i4.0
IL_0017: ldstr "test"
IL_001c: newobj instance void class VB$AnonymousType_0`1::.ctor(!0)
IL_0021: stelem.ref
IL_0022: nop
IL_0023: ldloc.3
IL_0024: ldnull
IL_0025: ldnull
IL_0026: ldnull
IL_0027: call object [Microsoft.VisualBasic]Microsoft.VisualBasic.CompilerServices.NewLateBinding::LateGet(object,
class [mscorlib]System.Type,
string,
object[],
string[],
class [mscorlib]System.Type[],
bool[])
IL_002c: call object [mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers::GetObjectValue(object)
IL_0031: stloc.1
IL_0032: ldloc.1
IL_0033: ldnull
IL_0034: ldstr "LatinName"
IL_0039: ldc.i4.0
IL_003a: newarr [mscorlib]System.Object
IL_003f: ldnull
IL_0040: ldnull
IL_0041: ldnull
IL_0042: call object [Microsoft.VisualBasic]Microsoft.VisualBasic.CompilerServices.NewLateBinding::LateGet(object,
class [mscorlib]System.Type,
string,
object[],
string[],
class [mscorlib]System.Type[],
bool[])
IL_0047: call object [mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers::GetObjectValue(object)
IL_004c: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(object)
IL_0051: nop
IL_0052: call string [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadLine()
IL_0057: pop
IL_0058: nop
IL_0059: ret
} // end of method Module1::Main
C#:
.method private hidebysig static void Main(string[] args) cil managed
{
.entrypoint
// Code size 299 (0x12b)
.maxstack 10
.locals init ([0] object c,
[1] object plant,
[2] class [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo[] CS$0$0000)
IL_0000: nop
IL_0001: newobj instance void [ClaySharp]ClaySharp.ClayFactory::.ctor()
IL_0006: stloc.0
IL_0007: ldsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1f__AnonymousType0`1',object>> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site1'
IL_000c: brtrue.s IL_004c
IL_000e: ldc.i4.0
IL_000f: ldstr "Plant"
IL_0014: ldnull
IL_0015: ldtoken ConsoleApplication2.Program
IL_001a: call class [mscorlib]System.Type [mscorlib]System.Type::GetTypeFromHandle(valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeTypeHandle)
IL_001f: ldc.i4.2
IL_0020: newarr [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo
IL_0025: stloc.2
IL_0026: ldloc.2
IL_0027: ldc.i4.0
IL_0028: ldc.i4.0
IL_0029: ldnull
IL_002a: call class [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo::Create(valuetype [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfoFlags,
string)
IL_002f: stelem.ref
IL_0030: ldloc.2
IL_0031: ldc.i4.1
IL_0032: ldc.i4.1
IL_0033: ldnull
IL_0034: call class [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo::Create(valuetype [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfoFlags,
string)
IL_0039: stelem.ref
IL_003a: ldloc.2
IL_003b: call class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSiteBinder [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Binder::InvokeMember(valuetype [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpBinderFlags,
string,
class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1,
class [mscorlib]System.Type,
class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1)
IL_0040: call class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1 class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1f__AnonymousType0`1',object>>::Create(class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSiteBinder)
IL_0045: stsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1f__AnonymousType0`1',object>> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site1'
IL_004a: br.s IL_004c
IL_004c: ldsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1f__AnonymousType0`1',object>> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site1'
IL_0051: ldfld !0 class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1f__AnonymousType0`1',object>>::Target
IL_0056: ldsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1f__AnonymousType0`1',object>> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site1'
IL_005b: ldloc.0
IL_005c: ldstr "test"
IL_0061: newobj instance void class 'f__AnonymousType0`1'::.ctor(!0)
IL_0066: callvirt instance !3 class [mscorlib]System.Func`4f__AnonymousType0`1',object>::Invoke(!0,
!1,
!2)
IL_006b: stloc.1
IL_006c: ldsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site2'
IL_0071: brtrue.s IL_00b6
IL_0073: ldc.i4 0x100
IL_0078: ldstr "WriteLine"
IL_007d: ldnull
IL_007e: ldtoken ConsoleApplication2.Program
IL_0083: call class [mscorlib]System.Type [mscorlib]System.Type::GetTypeFromHandle(valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeTypeHandle)
IL_0088: ldc.i4.2
IL_0089: newarr [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo
IL_008e: stloc.2
IL_008f: ldloc.2
IL_0090: ldc.i4.0
IL_0091: ldc.i4.s 33
IL_0093: ldnull
IL_0094: call class [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo::Create(valuetype [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfoFlags,
string)
IL_0099: stelem.ref
IL_009a: ldloc.2
IL_009b: ldc.i4.1
IL_009c: ldc.i4.0
IL_009d: ldnull
IL_009e: call class [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo::Create(valuetype [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfoFlags,
string)
IL_00a3: stelem.ref
IL_00a4: ldloc.2
IL_00a5: call class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSiteBinder [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Binder::InvokeMember(valuetype [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpBinderFlags,
string,
class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1,
class [mscorlib]System.Type,
class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1)
IL_00aa: call class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1 class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1>::Create(class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSiteBinder)
IL_00af: stsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site2'
IL_00b4: br.s IL_00b6
IL_00b6: ldsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site2'
IL_00bb: ldfld !0 class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1>::Target
IL_00c0: ldsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site2'
IL_00c5: ldtoken [mscorlib]System.Console
IL_00ca: call class [mscorlib]System.Type [mscorlib]System.Type::GetTypeFromHandle(valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeTypeHandle)
IL_00cf: ldsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site3'
IL_00d4: brtrue.s IL_0109
IL_00d6: ldc.i4.0
IL_00d7: ldstr "LatinName"
IL_00dc: ldtoken ConsoleApplication2.Program
IL_00e1: call class [mscorlib]System.Type [mscorlib]System.Type::GetTypeFromHandle(valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeTypeHandle)
IL_00e6: ldc.i4.1
IL_00e7: newarr [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo
IL_00ec: stloc.2
IL_00ed: ldloc.2
IL_00ee: ldc.i4.0
IL_00ef: ldc.i4.0
IL_00f0: ldnull
IL_00f1: call class [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfo::Create(valuetype [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpArgumentInfoFlags,
string)
IL_00f6: stelem.ref
IL_00f7: ldloc.2
IL_00f8: call class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSiteBinder [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Binder::GetMember(valuetype [Microsoft.CSharp]Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.CSharpBinderFlags,
string,
class [mscorlib]System.Type,
class [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1)
IL_00fd: call class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1 class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1>::Create(class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSiteBinder)
IL_0102: stsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site3'
IL_0107: br.s IL_0109
IL_0109: ldsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site3'
IL_010e: ldfld !0 class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1>::Target
IL_0113: ldsfld class [System.Core]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite`1> ConsoleApplication2.Program/'o__SiteContainer0'::'p__Site3'
IL_0118: ldloc.1
IL_0119: callvirt instance !2 class [mscorlib]System.Func`3::Invoke(!0,
!1)
IL_011e: callvirt instance void class [mscorlib]System.Action`3::Invoke(!0,
!1,
!2)
IL_0123: nop
IL_0124: call string [mscorlib]System.Console::ReadLine()
IL_0129: pop
IL_012a: ret
} // end of method Program::Main
The C# and VB version are nothing alike. Seems like the C# version does a lot more.
Console.WriteLinehas anObjectoverload VB just uses it, whereas C# does late binding on that call too. – Mark Hurd