The new runtime doesn't include a feature that pairs exactly with what is done by the Executions Transcript. If you need to log the duration of an specific part of your code you might use console.time(label)
/ console.timeEnd(label)
.
This was officially launched in February 5, 2020. According to the official docs, this is by design.
From https://developers.google.com/apps-script/guides/v8-runtime#ui_changes_for_logging
UI changes for executions
The location of execution transcripts has changed under V8. If your script uses the Rhino runtime, you can find execution transcripts for scripts selecting the View > Execution Transcript menu in the Apps Script editor. This opens an Execution transcript dialog that lists the most recent execution transcript, which lists calls to Apps Script services along with associated timestamps.
If your script uses the V8 runtime, execution transcripts are no longer available. Instead you can view the execution history in the Apps Script dashboard by selecting View > Executions in the Apps Script editor. This opens the Executions panel for the script project. From here you can select an execution to see Stackdriver logs associated with it. Unlike execution transcripts in Rhino, the Executions panel can show you an execution history from multiple runs of your script (instead of only the most recent execution).
References