The reason that you find these chips only in smart cards is that that is the best method of developing on them without hassle. There are also form factors for use in e.g. key fobs, which is probably what you're after. That means smaller antenna space and less chance of a good response. These chips and antenna's are tricky to get right so that all distances and orientations work well.
Paper smart cards are commonly not smart cards but throw away memory cards like MiFare or MiFare ultra-light. Usually smart cards come in credit card form, like -uh- those in credit cards. And then they are in plastic (PVC) or polycarbonate for the higher end cards. Demo cards are usually plastic though. Manufacturers aren't shy of not putting any chips or antenna's in there at all when it comes to demo cards (they might be showing off their printing capabilities instead).
The classic Java cards can be in any form factor. However, the more memory the larger the die may be. That can be an issue with some packaging, the small container that the IC is put in and to which the antenna's are connected. Although Java Card 3 is somewhat of a jump in functionality, most cards capable of version 2 would also be OK to run version 3 of Java Card.
The failed web-based "connected" Java Card requires a lot of memory and if you can find it, it will probably be limited to specific form factors. Java Card 3.1 seems to be another jump in functionality for the common "classic" platform and I would expect for high end smart cards to lead the way.
Generally we don't talk prices here. If you are interested in bulk pricing for specific form factors then you need to contact the resellers, not us. But I would first try and read into it. There are some great general purpose books out there on smart cards. That way you'd at least know a bit what you're talking about when contacting such vendor, and in that case you're more likely to be taken seriously.