There is a REST API available for getting the application object data :
**https:

Permission for calling the above api require below set of permission:

BTW creating an application in Azure AD also post back the data with display name.
You can refer below docs for reference.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/application-get?view=graph-rest-beta&tabs=http
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/application-post-applications?view=graph-rest-beta&tabs=http
https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/graph-explorer#
Alternatively it is pretty easy if you are using powershell for getting the display name.
Get-AzureADApplication -Filter "AppId eq 'ed192e92-84d4-4baf-997d-1e190a81f28e'"
Reference :
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azuread/get-azureadapplication?view=azureadps-2.0
Hope it helps.