I'm sorry but as far as I know, there is no fixed list of classes that Azure Computer Vision is able to detect.
By the way, even if there was one, this list is evolving on a regular basis (but no schedule is announced).
In any case, there are limitations (see doc here):
It's important to note the limitations of object detection so you can
avoid or mitigate the effects of false negatives (missed objects) and
limited detail.
- Objects are generally not detected if they're small (less than 5% of
the image).
- Objects are generally not detected if they're arranged
closely together (a stack of plates, for example).
- Objects are not differentiated by brand or product names (different
types of sodas on a store shelf, for example). However, you can get
brand information from an image by using the Brand detection feature.
If you want to detect specific objects, I would highly suggest using Custom Vision (doc / overview here), not Computer Vision, where you can train your model with your own images to match what you are trying to detect