The tabular model with your username and a GUID is the workspace database. This is a local copy of the tabular model with the changes that you've applied to it when Integrated Workspace mode is not used. The workspace database is kept in memory while it's open in SSDT, and depending on the Workspace Retention
property may be either removed from memory, removed from memory/disk, or still kept in memory. The default setting is to remove it from memory but not from disk, hence why you may not see this database whenever you close the model in SSDT. This property can by accessed from SSDT by highlighting the .bim file and viewing the properties (press F4
).
The changes made to the workspace database should be applied to the deployed model when it's deployed using the model name as the target database on the deployment server, as in your screenshot. When you examine the model (non-workspace database) in SSMS, how do you know the changes are not applied to this, and have you tried refreshing the view from SSMS? This can be done by right-clocking the Database folder above the tabular models and pressing Refresh. Also, the deployment SSDT is succeeding without errors, correct?