Vertical and Horizontal Layout containers are designed/intended to allow you to explicitly specify how Tableau should position dashboard components (worksheets, titles, text components, image components etc).
Tiled layout containers are introduced automatically by Tableau when you just drop a component on the dashboard. In that case you are handing over some positioning control to Tableau.
Tiled containers work well in the easy cases to get started, but you typically want to delete the tiled layout containers (and any other extra unnecessary levels of containers) when you want to specify positioning yourself. Just right click on a container in the layout hierarchy on the left sidebar to be able to remove them.
You can position components in a vertical container to create a column with multiple components stacked in rows, all having the same widths but with individual row heights controlled by the vertical layout container. Use vertical containers for instance to make sidebars in the margin or a vertical stack of components. Horizontal containers work analogously.
You can either fix the height of each component in a vertical container to constrain the container's choices, or you can leave the height choice to the container - which will consider to the volume of data, height of other containers, and the "fit" settings for each component. Horizontal containers work analogously.
You can nest vertical and horizontal containers to create an arbitrary nesting of rows and columns of components.
If the dashboard size is set to automatic or range, then you can then build responsive dashboards that behave well as the dashboard adjusts size, adjusting the fit, size and nesting and layout hierarchy to get the behavior you want.
So in summary, remove the tiled containers, simplify the container hierarchy to be what you want (maybe just one vertical container in your case), adjust the fixed sizes, fit, dashboard size choices, test, and you should get your dashboard working well.
Sometimes its helpful to have a dummy component (blank, text or image) that you can use to temporarily use while you quickly get your containers setup the way you want - then replace the dummy components with your real worksheets.