On the question you linked to, the top answer provided the following code:
With ActivePresentation.Slides(sl).Shapes(sh).Chart.ChartData
.Activate
.Workbook.Sheets(1).Range("A1").Value = "test_data"
.Workbook.Close
End With
One of the comments on the answer pointed out that once you Activate
the ChartData, you're basically dealing with Excel. You can also launch an actual instance of Excel inside the Powerpoint VBA, then just open your workbooks, extract the data from them and put it into your ChartData
objects like you would do if you were working in VBA in excel.
In order to launch an instance of Excel in powerpoint VBA try the following:
Dim xlApp As Excel.Application
Set xlApp = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
xlApp.Visible = True
xlApp.Workbooks.Open "C:\lol\Book1.xlsx", True, False
'once Book1 is open you can extract data from Book1 and move it to
'the appropriate place in .ChartData.Workbook
Set xlApp = Nothing
(code above sourced from this answer)