One thing I would review is the IP address, if your GCE instance is using ephemeral IP it may change if the instance is restarted.
Also, please try by accessing your GCE instance using gcloud command:
gcloud compute ssh INSTANCE_NAME --zone ZONE_NAME
If that doesn't work, force gcloud to recreate a new SSH key pair by moving the existing key pair:
mv ~/.ssh/google_compute_engine ~/.ssh/old-google_compute_engine
mv ~/.ssh/google_compute_engine.pub ~/.ssh/old-google_compute_engine.pub
After this, execute the gcloud compute ssh command and see if you are able to access.
If you are using a 3rd party client, try to generate a new SSH key file:
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/[KEY_FILENAME] -C [USERNAME]
Then add the new SSH key to your GCE instance and try the connection again.