I had the same error and my integration services of 2017 was installed, so the suggested solution was not relevant.
i tried many options including uninstall and re-install, what solved finally was an upgrade to ENTERPRISE EDITION!
I found out that in a server where the dtexec ran successfully an ENTERPRISE VERSION was installed, while in the problematic server there was not an ENTERPRISE edition.
How did i find it? i ran the following in both servers:
- run setup.exe file of SQL SERVER 2017 installation
- on the left menu you will see "tools" - press the link
- find: "installed SQL server features discovery report"
- you will see in edition column an empty cell vs. "Enterprise Edition"
which is the successful one!
how did i upgrade in the problematic server?
- run setup.exe file of SQL SERVER 2017 installation
- on the left menu you will see "maintenance" - press the link
- find: "edition upgrade"
- follow the instructions, in my case since my organization had an automatic updated key i just pressed "next" a few times until a successful upgrade
good luck!