The Structured Data General Guidelines of Google requires to ensure that the structured data represents the main content of the web page to which they refer.
In its turn the guide of Google for Product informs us:
Use markup for a specific product, not a category or list of products.
and
a product page that describes a single product.
Thus, if you are creating structured data for a web page that has a main content sush as description of the product, then in this case you can use the markup for the type Product.
If your web page has a list of products or categories, then it may be useful to use markup for type ItemList as Google suggests.
Creating markup for the type Product has no connection with e-commerce. This can be used to mark up the products of a physical store website.