I have recently discovered the magic of debugging Node applications with ndb. (You should really check it out, if you've never seen it.)
For our non-e2e integration tests (which use jasmine) I was easily able to debug the test code simply by substituting ndb for node.
ndb node_modules/jasmine/bin/jasmine.js --config=jasmine.json
When I do the same for protractor, the debugger comes up, but the tests don't begin. For example, the following fails:
ndb node_modules/protractor/bin/protractor protractor.conf.ts --suite smoke
Any clues? (I have a suspicion that it has to do with the Typescript transpilation that happens, but I have no evidence hard evidence.)