How to position UI elements on background image relative to the image

Question

I had I previuosly question here How to make full screen background image inside ScrollView and keep aspect ratio and get very good aswer from "ekscrypto", thank you again.

I have buttons with text on the image (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 etc.) previously i used hard coded X and Y coordinates to position UI elemnts (buttons) on the background image, this solution worked on all iPhone devices, not on iPads. I changed my code according to the solution I received from "ekscrypto", and now of course this solution not work on any device.

On the image there is a road, and I need to arrange these buttons on this road. How can I properly position this buttons relative to the image, regardless of the device and image scale?

P.S. Ekscrypto also provided solution for the UI element positioning, but I don't understand how it works.

Here's how I currently attempt to create the buttons:

let imageOne = UIImage(named: "level1") as UIImage?
let levelOne = UIButton(type: UIButtonType.system) 
levelOne.frame = CGRect.init(x: 10, y: 10, width: 100, height: 45)
levelOne.setImage(imageOne, for: .normal) 
scrollView.addSubview(levelOne)

But the iPhone and iPad button positions and sizes should be different. How can I have them placed properly relative to the image?

Thank you so much ekscrypto, and sorry for delay with answer. Your code is working, and solves my problem, but there is a small problems.

1. Had to change this line let button = UIButton(type: .system) to .custom, or instead of background image you get button that is filled with blue color.

2. Button with background image is too big, specially on iPhone 5, changed let backgroundDesignHeight: CGFloat = 330.0 to 730 to make it smaller

3. All buttons are in same place on iPhone and iPads, except «plus devices» there is a small offset to the bottom(down) button should be slightly higher

4. On some devices background image on button are little bit blurry, this happened after I changed backgroundDesignHeight to 730

Answer 1

You can solve this a few ways:

• Compute the final x/y position manually based on current screen dimension and "design" dimension
• Manually create aspect-ratio based constraints and let iOS compute the final position for you

Assuming that your device/app orientation is constant (always landscape or always portrait) and is always fullscreen, it may be easier to compute it by hand.

First, you will need a helper function to resize your image:

private func scaledImage(named imageName: String, scale: CGFloat) -> UIImage? {
    guard let image = UIImage(named: imageName) else { return nil }
    let targetSize = CGSize(width: image.size.width * scale, height: image.size.height * scale)
    return resizeImage(image: image, targetSize: targetSize)
}

// Adapted from https://stackguides.com/questions/31314412/how-to-resize-image-in-swift
private func resizeImage(image: UIImage, targetSize: CGSize) -> UIImage? {
    let size = image.size

    let widthRatio  = targetSize.width  / size.width
    let heightRatio = targetSize.height / size.height

    // Figure out what our orientation is, and use that to form the rectangle
    var newSize: CGSize
    if(widthRatio > heightRatio) {
        newSize = CGSize(width: size.width * heightRatio, height: size.height * heightRatio)
    } else {
        newSize = CGSize(width: size.width * widthRatio, height: size.height * widthRatio)
    }


    // This is the rect that we've calculated out and this is what is actually used below
    let rect = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: newSize.width, height: newSize.height)

    // Actually do the resizing to the rect using the ImageContext stuff
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(newSize, false, 1.0)
    image.draw(in: rect)
    let newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext()
    return newImage
}

Next, we will create a function to compute the location of the button, and the size of the button based on the image size:

private func positionScaledButton(x designX: CGFloat, y designY: CGFloat, imageName: String) -> UIButton {

    // First, compute our "designScale"
    let screenHeight = UIScreen.main.bounds.size.height
    let backgroundDesignHeight: CGFloat = 330.0 // ** see below
    let designScale = screenHeight / backgroundDesignHeight


    // Create button
    let button = UIButton(type: .custom)

    // Get image to use, and scale it as required
    guard let image = scaledImage(named: imageName, scale: designScale) else { return button }

    button.frame = CGRect(x: designX * designScale, y: designY * designScale, width: image.size.width, height: image.size.height)
    button.setImage(image, for: .normal)
    scrollView.addSubview(button)
    return button
}

** The value "330.0" in the code above refers to the height of the background image in the scroller, from which the x/y coordinates of the button were measured.

Assuming button's top-left corner should be at x: 10, y: 10, for image "levelOne":

let levelOneButton = positionScaledButton(x: 10, y: 10, imageName: "imageOne")
// To do: addTarget event handler

Answer 2

Use relative, rather than absolute points.

So, rather than saying button 1 is at (30, 150) in points, use the fraction of the screen size instead so it's at (0.0369, 0.4) - then use those fractions to create your auto layout constraints.