I am trying to learn CloudFormation and following the "Get Started" tutorial. But for some reason, I can't really finish the task of creating this example stack using the provided template in my AWS account.
During the test, I first got the error "No subnets found for the default VPC 'vpc-4f2acc28'. Please specify a subnet." and solved it by modifying the example template to add "SubnetId" in the Properties of "WebServer" under "Resource" section. Then I got the error "The parameter groupName cannot be used with the parameter subnet" and solved it by using "SecurityGroupIds" instead of "SecurityGroups".
And last, I got the error "Failed to receive 1 resource signal(s) within the specified duration". Since this error message doesn't give much information, I can't really figure out how to solve it.
This is just the basic tutorial and I guess many people have gone through it. Does anyone know what is the problem?
This is the template I am using(just small changes I mentioned above made on the original example template):
{
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",
"Description" : "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template WordPress_Single_Instance: WordPress is web software you can use to create a beautiful website or blog. This template installs WordPress with a local MySQL database for storage. It demonstrates using the AWS CloudFormation bootstrap scripts to deploy WordPress. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon EC2 instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template.",
"Parameters" : {
"KeyName": {
"Description" : "Name of an existing EC2 KeyPair to enable SSH access to the instances",
"Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName",
"ConstraintDescription" : "must be the name of an existing EC2 KeyPair."
},
"InstanceType" : {
"Description" : "WebServer EC2 instance type",
"Type" : "String",
"Default" : "t2.small",
"AllowedValues" : [ "t1.micro", "t2.nano", "t2.micro", "t2.small", "t2.medium", "t2.large", "m1.small", "m1.medium", "m1.large", "m1.xlarge", "m2.xlarge", "m2.2xlarge", "m2.4xlarge", "m3.medium", "m3.large", "m3.xlarge", "m3.2xlarge", "m4.large", "m4.xlarge", "m4.2xlarge", "m4.4xlarge", "m4.10xlarge", "c1.medium", "c1.xlarge", "c3.large", "c3.xlarge", "c3.2xlarge", "c3.4xlarge", "c3.8xlarge", "c4.large", "c4.xlarge", "c4.2xlarge", "c4.4xlarge", "c4.8xlarge", "g2.2xlarge", "g2.8xlarge", "r3.large", "r3.xlarge", "r3.2xlarge", "r3.4xlarge", "r3.8xlarge", "i2.xlarge", "i2.2xlarge", "i2.4xlarge", "i2.8xlarge", "d2.xlarge", "d2.2xlarge", "d2.4xlarge", "d2.8xlarge", "hi1.4xlarge", "hs1.8xlarge", "cr1.8xlarge", "cc2.8xlarge", "cg1.4xlarge"]
,
"ConstraintDescription" : "must be a valid EC2 instance type."
},
"SSHLocation": {
"Description": "The IP address range that can be used to SSH to the EC2 instances",
"Type": "String",
"MinLength": "9",
"MaxLength": "18",
"Default": "0.0.0.0/0",
"AllowedPattern": "(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})/(\\d{1,2})",
"ConstraintDescription": "must be a valid IP CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x."
},
"DBName" : {
"Default": "wordpressdb",
"Description" : "The WordPress database name",
"Type": "String",
"MinLength": "1",
"MaxLength": "64",
"AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*",
"ConstraintDescription" : "must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters."
},
"DBUser" : {
"NoEcho": "true",
"Description" : "The WordPress database admin account username",
"Type": "String",
"MinLength": "1",
"MaxLength": "16",
"AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*",
"ConstraintDescription" : "must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters."
},
"DBPassword" : {
"NoEcho": "true",
"Description" : "The WordPress database admin account password",
"Type": "String",
"MinLength": "8",
"MaxLength": "41",
"AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
"ConstraintDescription" : "must contain only alphanumeric characters."
},
"DBRootPassword" : {
"NoEcho": "true",
"Description" : "MySQL root password",
"Type": "String",
"MinLength": "8",
"MaxLength": "41",
"AllowedPattern" : "[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
"ConstraintDescription" : "must contain only alphanumeric characters."
}
},
"Mappings" : {
"AWSInstanceType2Arch" : {
"t1.micro" : { "Arch" : "PV64" },
"t2.nano" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"t2.micro" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"t2.small" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"t2.medium" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"t2.large" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"m1.small" : { "Arch" : "PV64" },
"m1.medium" : { "Arch" : "PV64" },
"m1.large" : { "Arch" : "PV64" },
"m1.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "PV64" },
"m2.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "PV64" },
"m2.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "PV64" },
"m2.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "PV64" },
"m3.medium" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"m3.large" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"m3.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"m3.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"m4.large" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"m4.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"m4.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"m4.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"m4.10xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"c1.medium" : { "Arch" : "PV64" },
"c1.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "PV64" },
"c3.large" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"c3.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"c3.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"c3.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"c3.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"c4.large" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"c4.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"c4.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"c4.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"c4.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"g2.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVMG2" },
"g2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVMG2" },
"r3.large" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"r3.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"r3.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"r3.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"r3.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"i2.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"i2.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"i2.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"i2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"d2.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"d2.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"d2.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"d2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"hi1.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"hs1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"cr1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" },
"cc2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" }
},
"AWSInstanceType2NATArch" : {
"t1.micro" : { "Arch" : "NATPV64" },
"t2.nano" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"t2.micro" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"t2.small" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"t2.medium" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"t2.large" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"m1.small" : { "Arch" : "NATPV64" },
"m1.medium" : { "Arch" : "NATPV64" },
"m1.large" : { "Arch" : "NATPV64" },
"m1.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATPV64" },
"m2.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATPV64" },
"m2.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATPV64" },
"m2.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATPV64" },
"m3.medium" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"m3.large" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"m3.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"m3.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"m4.large" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"m4.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"m4.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"m4.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"m4.10xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"c1.medium" : { "Arch" : "NATPV64" },
"c1.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATPV64" },
"c3.large" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"c3.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"c3.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"c3.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"c3.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"c4.large" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"c4.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"c4.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"c4.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"c4.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"g2.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVMG2" },
"g2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVMG2" },
"r3.large" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"r3.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"r3.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"r3.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"r3.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"i2.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"i2.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"i2.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"i2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"d2.xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"d2.2xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"d2.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"d2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"hi1.4xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"hs1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"cr1.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"cc2.8xlarge" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" }
}
,
"AWSRegionArch2AMI" : {
"us-east-1" : {"PV64" : "ami-2a69aa47", "HVM64" : "ami-97785bed", "HVMG2" : "ami-0a6e3770"},
"us-west-2" : {"PV64" : "ami-7f77b31f", "HVM64" : "ami-f2d3638a", "HVMG2" : "ami-ee15a196"},
"us-west-1" : {"PV64" : "ami-a2490dc2", "HVM64" : "ami-824c4ee2", "HVMG2" : "ami-0da4a46d"},
"eu-west-1" : {"PV64" : "ami-4cdd453f", "HVM64" : "ami-d834aba1", "HVMG2" : "ami-af8013d6"},
"eu-west-2" : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-403e2524", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
"eu-west-3" : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-8ee056f3", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
"eu-central-1" : {"PV64" : "ami-6527cf0a", "HVM64" : "ami-5652ce39", "HVMG2" : "ami-1d58ca72"},
"ap-northeast-1" : {"PV64" : "ami-3e42b65f", "HVM64" : "ami-ceafcba8", "HVMG2" : "ami-edfd658b"},
"ap-northeast-2" : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-863090e8", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
"ap-northeast-3" : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-83444afe", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
"ap-southeast-1" : {"PV64" : "ami-df9e4cbc", "HVM64" : "ami-68097514", "HVMG2" : "ami-c06013bc"},
"ap-southeast-2" : {"PV64" : "ami-63351d00", "HVM64" : "ami-942dd1f6", "HVMG2" : "ami-85ef12e7"},
"ap-south-1" : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-531a4c3c", "HVMG2" : "ami-411e492e"},
"us-east-2" : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-f63b1193", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
"ca-central-1" : {"PV64" : "NOT_SUPPORTED", "HVM64" : "ami-a954d1cd", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
"sa-east-1" : {"PV64" : "ami-1ad34676", "HVM64" : "ami-84175ae8", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
"cn-north-1" : {"PV64" : "ami-77559f1a", "HVM64" : "ami-cb19c4a6", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
"cn-northwest-1" : {"PV64" : "ami-80707be2", "HVM64" : "ami-3e60745c", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"}
}
},
"Resources" : {
"WebServer": {
"Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance",
"Metadata" : {
"AWS::CloudFormation::Init" : {
"configSets" : {
"wordpress_install" : ["install_cfn", "install_wordpress", "configure_wordpress" ]
},
"install_cfn" : {
"files": {
"/etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf": {
"content": { "Fn::Join": [ "", [
"[main]\n",
"stack=", { "Ref": "AWS::StackId" }, "\n",
"region=", { "Ref": "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
]]},
"mode" : "000400",
"owner" : "root",
"group" : "root"
},
"/etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf": {
"content": { "Fn::Join": [ "", [
"[cfn-auto-reloader-hook]\n",
"triggers=post.update\n",
"path=Resources.WebServer.Metadata.AWS::CloudFormation::Init\n",
"action=/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
" --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
" --resource WebServer ",
" --configsets wordpress_install ",
" --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
]]},
"mode" : "000400",
"owner" : "root",
"group" : "root"
}
},
"services" : {
"sysvinit" : {
"cfn-hup" : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true",
"files" : ["/etc/cfn/cfn-hup.conf", "/etc/cfn/hooks.d/cfn-auto-reloader.conf"] }
}
}
},
"install_wordpress" : {
"packages" : {
"yum" : {
"php" : [],
"php-mysql" : [],
"mysql" : [],
"mysql-server" : [],
"mysql-devel" : [],
"mysql-libs" : [],
"httpd" : []
}
},
"sources" : {
"/var/www/html" : "http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz"
},
"files" : {
"/tmp/setup.mysql" : {
"content" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
"CREATE DATABASE ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, ";\n",
"CREATE USER '", { "Ref" : "DBUser" }, "'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '", { "Ref" : "DBPassword" }, "';\n",
"GRANT ALL ON ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, ".* TO '", { "Ref" : "DBUser" }, "'@'localhost';\n",
"FLUSH PRIVILEGES;\n"
]]},
"mode" : "000400",
"owner" : "root",
"group" : "root"
},
"/tmp/create-wp-config" : {
"content" : { "Fn::Join" : [ "", [
"#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
"cp /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config.php\n",
"sed -i \"s/'database_name_here'/'",{ "Ref" : "DBName" }, "'/g\" wp-config.php\n",
"sed -i \"s/'username_here'/'",{ "Ref" : "DBUser" }, "'/g\" wp-config.php\n",
"sed -i \"s/'password_here'/'",{ "Ref" : "DBPassword" }, "'/g\" wp-config.php\n"
]]},
"mode" : "000500",
"owner" : "root",
"group" : "root"
}
},
"services" : {
"sysvinit" : {
"httpd" : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" },
"mysqld" : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" }
}
}
},
"configure_wordpress" : {
"commands" : {
"01_set_mysql_root_password" : {
"command" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["mysqladmin -u root password '", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "'"]]},
"test" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["$(mysql ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, " -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))"]]}
},
"02_create_database" : {
"command" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["mysql -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' < /tmp/setup.mysql"]]},
"test" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["$(mysql ", { "Ref" : "DBName" }, " -u root --password='", { "Ref" : "DBRootPassword" }, "' >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null); (( $? != 0 ))"]]}
},
"03_configure_wordpress" : {
"command" : "/tmp/create-wp-config",
"cwd" : "/var/www/html/wordpress"
}
}
}
}
},
"Properties": {
"ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSRegionArch2AMI", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" },
{ "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSInstanceType2Arch", { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "Arch" ] } ] },
"InstanceType" : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" },
"SubnetId": "subnet-3c0e8a5a",
"SecurityGroupIds" : ["sg-d04fe1a9"],
"KeyName" : { "Ref" : "KeyName" },
"UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [
"#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
"yum update -y aws-cfn-bootstrap\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
" --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
" --resource WebServer ",
" --configsets wordpress_install ",
" --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n",
"/opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? ",
" --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" },
" --resource WebServer ",
" --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "\n"
]]}}
},
"CreationPolicy" : {
"ResourceSignal" : {
"Timeout" : "PT15M"
}
}
}
},
"Outputs" : {
"WebsiteURL" : {
"Value" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", ["http://", { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "WebServer", "PublicDnsName" ]}, "/wordpress" ]]},
"Description" : "WordPress Website"
}
}
}