Unfortunately, front-matter variables are only accessible from within that file.
Between these triple-dashed lines, you can set predefined variables (see below for a reference) or even create custom ones of your own. These variables will then be available to you to access using Liquid tags both further down in the file and also in any layouts or includes that the page or post in question relies on.
Jekyll documentation
However, you can work around this for posts by looping through every post and including only what you want using an if statement.
{% for post in site.posts %}
{% if post.title == "Desired Post Title" %}
{{ post.description }}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}