I have such a problem. On my WordPress site, I use WPML. I have several categories of posts. For each category I have a page template, this is not category.php. In order to display all posts on the page with pagination I use WP_Query. It looks like this.
...
<?php
$paged = ( get_query_var( 'paged' ) ) ? get_query_var( 'paged' ) : 1;
$query = new WP_Query( array(
'cat' => 41,
'posts_per_page' => 10,
'paged' => $paged
));
?>
<?php while ( $query->have_posts() ) : $query->the_post(); ?>
<?php get_template_part('template-parts/content', 'record', get_post_format()); ?>
<?php endwhile; ?>
<?php
echo paginate_links( array(
'base' => str_replace( 999999999, '%#%', esc_url( get_pagenum_link( 999999999 ) ) ),
'total' => $query->max_num_pages,
'current' => max( 1, get_query_var( 'paged' ) ),
'format' => '?paged=%#%',
'show_all' => false,
'type' => 'plain',
'end_size' => 1,
'mid_size' => 2,
'prev_next' => true,
'prev_text' => '<svg class=\'pagination__previous\'><use xlink:href=' . get_template_directory_uri() . '/img/svg/sprite.svg#menu__arrow' . ' ></use></svg>',
'next_text' => '<svg class=\'pagination__next\'><use xlink:href=' . get_template_directory_uri() . '/img/svg/sprite.svg#menu__arrow' . ' ></use></svg>',
'add_args' => false,
'add_fragment' => '',
));
?>
<?php wp_reset_postdata(); ?>
...
So cat=41 is ID of a category. And on default RU language the posts are displayed as it is expected. But when I switch to other languages EN or UK (in my situation) the page with posts is empty. Can you advise me how to fix it?