You didn't provide enough info, we don't know how the relations look like. Are A and B related lists under Account? Are they independent or is there some link from one to another?
I'll write what I would do as a script (if needed you could make a batch job out of it or perhaps you'll be more comfortable with Data Loader, reports with cross filters, MS Excel and orgy of VLOOKUPs...)
To identify all "candidate" accounts you can try with this skeleton of a query
SELECT Id, Name
FROM Account
WHERE Id IN (SELECT Account__c FROM A__c WHERE Status__c = 'Done')
AND Id IN (SELECT Account__c FROM B__c WHERE Status__c = 'Ready')
LIMIT 10000
Now, the question about amounts of data. Will it return 10K (which is limit of records you can insert/update/modify in single transaction), if more - you might have to chunk it somehow... Maybe ORDER BY Id, record Id of last processed Account and in next iteration add AND Id > '001....'
Anyway, we got a "candidate", well, maybe he already has an Active A record, we wouldn't want to make a duplicate. And besides we need to pull some fields from B so they'd be copied across. So let's modify the query a bit, to add "subqueries" (think of them as related lists or LEFT INNER JOINs if that helps)
SELECT Id, Name,
(SELECT Id FROM As__r WHERE Status__c = 'Active' LIMIT 1),
(SELECT SomeField__c, SomeOtherField__c FROM Bs__r WHERE Status__c = 'Ready' LIMIT 1)
FROM Account
WHERE Id IN (SELECT Account__c FROM A__c WHERE Status__c = 'Done')
AND Id IN (SELECT Account__c FROM B__c WHERE Status__c = 'Ready')
LIMIT 10000
Nice. So now you need to loop through accounts, see if they contain that at least 1 active record (and if they do - skip). If they don't - create new one.
List<A__c> toInsert = new List<A__c>();
for(Account a : [SELECT...]){
if(a.As__r.isEmpty() && !a.Bs__r.isEmpty()){
toInsert.add(new A__c(
Account__c = a.Id,
Status__c = 'Active',
Foo__c = a.Bs__r[0].SomeField__c,
Bar__c = a.Bs__r[0].SomeOtherField__c + 7
));
}
}
insert toInsert;