There are currently 3 different ways how you can access a custom field value when you have a Timber post. In Twig, it may be easier to write, but in the end, Twig is translated to PHP behind the scenes, so there surely is a way in PHP!
1. Direct access through the property
When you create a new Timber post, Timber will automatically populate your post object with the custom field values directly accessible as properties.
So if you have a custom field named some_custom_field_name, you should be able to access it the way you’ve tried it:
$custom_field_value = $post->some_custom_field_name;
If your value is not set, you can always check if there’s a property set on your post by dumping the contents with var_dump():
var_dump( $post );
Also refer to the Debugging Guide.
2. Access through the custom property
Timber also copies all the custom field values as an array to a property named custom on your post. So your field should also be accessible like this:
$custom_field_value = $post->custom['some_custom_field_name'];
3. Access through the meta method
The two methods described above will directly return the value of the database. If you use a plugin like Advanced Custom Fields, you might not want the raw value from the database, but a value that is properly filtered by the plugin. Then you should use the meta() method:
$custom_field_value = $post->meta('some_custom_field_name');