It depends what you mean for "filter result page".
If you are talking about using some GET parameters, it's enough to add the attribute value at the end of the product page URL.
Just like this:
https://www.your-site.com/product/product-slug?attribute_size=M
Where attribute_size is the name of the attribute you are using for the product.
If you are not sure about what is your exact attribute name (maybe because you didn't create it as a taxonomy, but you did it within the product backend interface) inspect on the frontend page the <select> tag data-attribute_name value. That's what you need.
<select id="color" name="attribute_size" data-attribute_name="attribute_size" data-show_option_none="yes">
<option value="">Select an option</option>
<option value="S" class="attached enabled">Small</option>
<option value="M" class="attached enabled">Medium</option>
<option value="L" class="attached enabled">Large</option>
</select>
Important
I tried with a couple of sites with Woocommerce installed but having different versions.
I can tell you that it works with Woocommerce 3.3.5, It doesn't work with 2.5.5.
Yours (3.2.0) is in between, but i'm confident you have this feature.