Formulate everyday languages into PROLOG

Question

I need your help for a simple PROLOG program. I am very new to PROLOG so it might be a very trivial question, but I absolutely have no idea how to solve it.

There are 5 sentences I need to formulate into PROLOG code:

-Bill owns a dog.

-Every dogowner likes animals.

-Every person who likes animals cannot hit an animal.

-Bill or Bull hit a cat whose name is Tom.

-Every cat is an animal.

I think I have the first 3 sentences:

dogowner(bill).
lovesanimal(X):- dogowner(X). 
not(hitting(X,animal(Y))):-lovesanimal(X).

The last one also is not a problem. But how do I formulate the 4th?

Thank you for your help.

How you formulate things depends on the context. Furthermore Prolog only supports horn clauses. Although you can model everything in it, it sometimes requires some creativity. — Willem Van Onsem
Yeah I should maybe at that I want to answer the question Who hit Tom?. — Peter
This is not difficult i give you solutions for two and try to do your homework for the next three self: owns(bill,dog). likes(X,animals):- owns(X,dog). — Luai Ghunim
@LuaiGhunim thanks for your help. I think then the third one should look like this: not(hit(X)):-likes(X,animals). or hit(X):-not(likes(X,animals)). — Peter
hit(X) , what does X hit? cannothit(X,animal):- likes(X,animals). or hit(X,animal):- \+ likes(X,animal). . This is \+ used for inverting values. — Luai Ghunim

Carlos Carlos · Accepted Answer · 2017-11-25T16:12:28

"Every cat is an animal":

animal(X) :- cat(X).

"Every person who likes animals cannot hit an animal": I think the use of not(hitting(X,animal(Y))) may be confused ... I prefere use:

can(hitting(X, Y)) :- person(X), not(lovesanimal(X)), animal(Y).

In other hand, you must say the program several 'facts' (that aren't explicited in your premises)

Tom is a cat:

cat(tom).

Bill and Bull are persons:

person(Bill). person(Bull).

Finally, the predicate ';' use in pre-fixed notation:

or(hits(bill, tom), hits(bull, tom)).

However, such programe don't tell you who (Bill or Bull), actually hits Tom. You need a clause like this:

actually_hits(X, Y) :- can(hitting(X, Y)), (or(hits(X,Y),); or(, hits(X,Y)).

Finally, you can wish that the programe be more general; so, you can reemplace 'lovesanimal(X)' by 'likes(X, Y)':

likes(X, Y) :- dogowner(X), animal(Y).

And, of course, the rules must be reformulated as:

can(hitting(X, Y)) :- person(X), not(likes(X, Y)).

which say that "Every person who like something can not hit this thing''

Formulate everyday languages into PROLOG

1 Answers