I was facing the same issue with chrome drivers. Following are the cases that I found could lead to this issue:
- Missing TEMP or TMP environment variables
- TEMP or TMP is mapped not to local NTFS drive
- Permission issue (if you are using user other than the logged in user)
- TEMP or TMP invalid path
In my case TEMP was mapped to C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Temp\MyFolder. So when the Temp folder got cleared, MyFolder folder also got deleted and chromedriver threw "Unknown error: cannot create temp dir for user data dir" . By creating a new folder with name "MyFolder" in Temp folder fixed my issue.
TEMP and TMP path can be verified at
My Computer -> Properties -> Advanced System settings -> Environment Variables -> Variables used for < your user >
Or else you can check it by entering "%temp%" in "Run" window.
Its better to check path using both ways because I have seen some cases where temp path set in environment variable and path of folder that opens on executing %temp% command via Run were different.
Hope it helps.