Boost Spirit Qi validating input parser

Question

I have a very basic Boost Spirit Qi grammar to parse either IP port or IP port range, i.e. either "6322" or "6322-6325".

The grammar looks like:

  template<class It>
  void init_port_rule(u16_rule<It>& port)
  {
    port = boost::spirit::qi::uint_parser<uint16_t, 10, 2, 5>();
    port.name("valid port range: (10, 65535)");
  }

  typedef boost::fusion::vector
    < std::uint16_t
    , boost::optional<std::uint16_t>
    > port_range_type
  ;

  template<class It>
  struct port_range_grammar
    : boost::spirit::qi::grammar
      < It
      , port_range_type()
      >
  {
    typedef typename port_range_grammar::base_type::sig_type signature;

    port_range_grammar()
      : port_range_grammar::base_type(start, "port_range")
    {
      init_port_rule(port);
      using namespace boost::spirit::qi;
      start = port > -(lit("-") > port);
    }

  private:
    boost::spirit::qi::rule<It, signature> start;
    boost::spirit::qi::rule<It, std::uint16_t()> port;
  };

I am a bit stuck to define, that in a range port1 must be less than port2. I think I have to use eps parser here, but do not seem to find the proper way to specify it. Any suggestions are very welcome.

Answer 1

OK, I think I've figured it out...

port_range_grammar()
  : port_range_grammar::base_type(start, "port_range")
{
  init_port_rule(port);
  using namespace boost::spirit::qi;
  namespace pnx = boost::phoenix;
  namespace fus = boost::fusion;
  start = port > -(lit("-") > port)
               > eps( pnx::bind
                       ( [](auto const& parsed)
                         {
                           if(!fus::at_c<1>(parsed).is_initialized())
                             return true;

                           auto lhs = fus::at_c<0>(parsed);
                           auto rhs = *fus::at_c<1>(parsed);
                           return lhs < rhs;
                         }
                       , _val
                       )
                    )
  ;
}

The idea is to pass the parsed value to the eps parser which is going to check if constructed port_range_type has first element lesser than the second element.

Answer 2

You can indeed use semantic actions. You don't always need to attach them to an eps node, though. Here's what you'd get if you do:

port %= uint_parser<uint16_t, 10, 2, 5>() >> eps[ _pass = (_val>=10 && _val<=65535) ];
start = (port >> -('-' >> port)) >> eps(validate(_val));

Note that the one rule uses Simple Form eps with semantic action attached. This requires operator%= to still invoke automatic attribute propagation.

The second instance uses the Semantic Predicate form of eps. The validate function needs to be a Phoenix Actor, I defined it like:

struct validations {
    bool operator()(PortRange const& range) const {
        if (range.end)
            return range.start<*range.end;
        return true;
    }
};
boost::phoenix::function<validations> validate;

More Generic/Consistent

Note you can use the second rule style on both rules like so:

port %= uint_parser<Port, 10, 2, 5>() >> eps(validate(_val));
start = (port >> -('-' >> port))      >> eps(validate(_val));

if you simply add an overload to validate a single port:

struct validations {
    bool operator()(Port const& port) const {
        return port>=10 && port<=65535;
    }
    bool operator()(PortRange const& range) const {
        if (range.end)
            return range.start<*range.end;
        return true;
    }
};

First Tests

Let's define some nice edge cases and test them!

Live On Coliru

#include <boost/fusion/adapted/struct.hpp>
#include <boost/optional/optional_io.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/phoenix.hpp>
namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;

using Port = std::uint16_t;

struct PortRange {
    Port start;
    boost::optional<Port> end;
};

BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT(PortRange, start, end)

template <class It, typename Attr = PortRange> struct port_range_grammar : qi::grammar<It, Attr()> {

    port_range_grammar() : port_range_grammar::base_type(start, "port_range") {
        using namespace qi;

        port %= uint_parser<Port, 10, 2, 5>() >> eps(validate(_val));
        start = (port >> -('-' >> port))      >> eps(validate(_val));

        port.name("valid port range: (10, 65535)");
    }

  private:
    struct validations {
        bool operator()(Port const& port) const {
            return port>=10 && port<=65535;
        }
        bool operator()(PortRange const& range) const {
            if (range.end)
                return range.start<*range.end;
            return true;
        }
    };
    boost::phoenix::function<validations> validate;
    qi::rule<It, Attr()> start;
    qi::rule<It, Port()> port;
};

int main() {
    using It = std::string::const_iterator;
    port_range_grammar<It> const g;

    std::string const valid[]   = {"10", "6322", "6322-6325", "65535"};
    std::string const invalid[] = {"9", "09", "065535", "65536", "-1", "6325-6322"};

    std::cout << " -------- valid cases\n";
    for (std::string const input : valid) {
        It f=input.begin(), l = input.end();
        PortRange range;
        bool accepted = parse(f, l, g, range);
        if (accepted)
            std::cout << "Parsed '" << input << "' to " << boost::fusion::as_vector(range) << "\n";
        else
            std::cout << "TEST FAILED '" << input << "'\n";
    }

    std::cout << " -------- invalid cases\n";
    for (std::string const input : invalid) {
        It f=input.begin(), l = input.end();
        PortRange range;
        bool accepted = parse(f, l, g, range);
        if (accepted)
            std::cout << "TEST FAILED '" << input << "' (returned " << boost::fusion::as_vector(range) << ")\n";
    }
}

Prints:

 -------- valid cases
Parsed '10' to (10 --)
Parsed '6322' to (6322 --)
Parsed '6322-6325' to (6322  6325)
Parsed '65535' to (65535 --)
 -------- invalid cases
TEST FAILED '065535' (returned (6553 --))

CONGRATULATIONS We found a broken edge case

Turns out that by limiting uint_parser to 5 positions, we may leave characters in the input, so that 065535 parses as 6553 (leaving '5' unparsed...). Fixing that is simple:

start = (port >> -('-' >> port)) >> eoi >> eps(validate(_val));

Or indeed:

start %= (port >> -('-' >> port)) >> eoi[ _pass = validate(_val) ];

Fixed version Live On Coliru

A Few Words About The Attribute Type

You will have noticed I revised your attribute type. Most of this is "good taste". Note, in practice you might want to represent your range as either single-port or range:

using Port = std::uint16_t;

struct PortRange {
    Port start, end;
};

using PortOrRange = boost::variant<Port, PortRange>;

Which you would then parse like:

port %= uint_parser<Port, 10, 2, 5>() >> eps(validate(_val));
range = (port >> '-' >> port)         >> eps(validate(_val));

start = (range | port) >> eoi;

Full demo Live On Coliru

You might think this will get unweildy to use. I agree!

Simplify Instead

Let's do without variant or optional in the first place. Let's make a single port just a range which happens to have start==end:

using Port = std::uint16_t;

struct PortRange {
    Port start, end;
};

Parse it like:

start = port >> -('-' >> port | attr(0)) >> eoi >> eps(validate(_val));

All we do in validate is to check whether end is 0:

    bool operator()(PortRange& range) const {
        if (range.end == 0) 
            range.end = range.start;
        return range.start <= range.end;
    }

And now the output is: Live On Coliru

 -------- valid cases
Parsed '10' to (10-10)
Parsed '6322' to (6322-6322)
Parsed '6322-6325' to (6322-6325)
Parsed '65535' to (65535-65535)
 -------- invalid cases

Note how you can now always enumerate start..end without knowing whether there was a port or a port-range. This may be convenient (depending a bit on the logic you're implementing).