The code you mention in your question should work, however, it's ignoring the peculiarities of a portlet environment. Typically, in a portlet, you'd rather "decorate" the names of parameters with <portlet:namespace/> (or whatever the equivalent in your UI library of choice is to this JSP tag). Instead of submitting a parameter "idProcessOrigin", you'd submit "<portlet:namespace/>idProcessOrigin" (of course, with properly replaced namespace, e.g. rather SOME_RANDOM_STUFF_idProcessOrigin)
If you don't want this, you can also declare the property com.liferay.portlet.requires-namespaced-parameters=<boolean> in your portlet-@Component's property list (as carried over from liferay-portlet.xml)
For the standard way of obtaining the parameters from a portlet request, you don't need to go through the HttpServletRequest at all - just use the PortletRequest's getParameter method. The result of this method depends, however, on properly decorated parameter names (or the deactivated option mentioned above). Note: When you call request.getParameter("idProcessOrigin"), you don't need the decoration any more, provided that request is a PortletRequest, not an HttpServletRequest.