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Is there any way to detect if there exists a question in the sentence using Parsey's dependency parser alone? The regular stanford parser provides a tag of SBARQ or SQ for questions. Is there anything similar for parsey's dependency parser?

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I'm assuming you refer to Google's Parsey McParseface. This parser is said to be compliant to the annotation guidelines from Universal Dependencies (http://universaldependencies.org/), so I believe you should find answer there.

At least in case of English, no question-marking item is documented. I've searched “English (UDv2.0)” corpus at http://bionlp-www.utu.fi/dep_search/ and there is no trace of this information (aside from the interrogative pronoun, which may be ambiguous), for instance:

1   Who who PRON    WP  PronType=Int    2   nsubj   _   _
2   cares   care    VERB    VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin   0   root    _   SpaceAfter=No
3   ??????  ??????  PUNCT   .   _   2   punct   _   _

Dependency parsing is more focused on the surface form and probably whether the sentence is a question or not is deemed here part of semantics, so not decided on this level. The Stanford constituency parser outputs something which resembles the oldish Chomskian X-bar theory, where things look quite differently.