I am curious if there is any easier way to accomplish what I finally got working: A Docker container on Windows with a cifs/smb/samba volume mount.
The only way I could get this working was to setup a VM (Ubuntu), use a docker plugin (NetShare), and then configure everything appropriately with a user account and permissions (setup a new user on the ubuntu VM with similar PUID and PGID IDs as the user who can read/write on the smb share). I then had to ensure the container started up with the correct PUID and GUID, like the sonarr docker image mentions: linuxserver/sonarr
I tried to use fstab, autofs, and straight up mount -t cifs commands in the Dockerfile but it doesn't sound like this is possible since you can't mount in a virtualized process like a container based on what I read.