I had similar idea, in my case to store some simple json data in Solr, using Solr as a database. However, a BIG caveat that changed my mind was the Solr upgrade process.
Please see https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-9127.
Apparently, there has been in the past (pre v6) the recommendation to re-index documents after major version upgrades (not just use IndexUpdater) although you did not have to do this to maintain functionality (I cannot vouch for this myself, this is from what I have read). Now, after you have upgraded 2 major versions but did not re-index (actually, fully delete docs then the index files themselves) after the first major version upgrade, your core is now not recognized.
Specifically in my case, I started with Solr v6. After upgrade to v7, I ran IndexUpdater so index is now at v7. After upgrade to v8, the core would not load. I had no idea why - my index was at v7, so that satisfies the version-minus-1 compatibility statement from Solr, right? Well, no - wrong.
I did an experiment. I started fresh from v6.6, created a core and added some documents. Upgraded to v7.7.3 and ran IndexUpdater, so index for that core is now at v7.7.3. Upgraded to v8.6.0, after which the core would not load. Then I repeated the same steps, except after running IndexUpdater I also re-indexed the documents. Same problem. Then I again repeated everything, except I did not just re-index, I deleted the docs from the index and deleted the index files and then re-indexed. Now, when I arrived in v8.6.0, my core was there and everything OK.
So, the takeaway for the OP or anyone else contemplating this idea (using Solr as db) is that you must EXPECT and PLAN to re-index your documents/data from time to time, meaning you must store them somewhere else anyway (a previous poster alluded to this idea), which sort of defeats the concept of a database. Unless of course your Solr core/index will be short-lived (not last more than one major version Solr upgrade), you never intend to upgrade Solr more than 1 version, or the Solr devs change this upgrade limitation. So, as an index for data stored elsewhere (and readily available for re-indexing when necessary), Solr is excellent. As a database for the data itself, it strongly "depends".