Using Python 3.5, throwing error: TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

Question

I am using Spyder Python IDE, Python version 3.5 and trying to run this python file having code

import pickle

enron_data = pickle.load(open("../final_project/final_project_dataset.pkl", "r"))

However on running, it throws following error

TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

Answer 1

you need to open your file in binary (so read it returns bytes and not str):

open("../final_project/final_project_dataset.pkl", "rb")

(note the additional 'b' in the mode).