You can debug in the VB6 IDE a com component.
In fact what you do is open the project in the VB6 IDE put a break point on the first executable line in the sub or function that has the error, then start the component in the IDE, then run the app that consumes it to the point of the call to the VB6 component method. At that point the VB6 IDE will flash if minimised and you will see the focus on the break point and you can use the step and watch functions in the IDE. This assumes that you have the IDE on the same computer as the calling code which is the easiest case.
Notes
I recommend that you vary the name of the class temporarily during debugging for time-efficiency because if your component is already in memory already then IT may receive the calls from your calling code. So if your code instantiates MyComponent.SomeClass then change to MyComponent.SomeClassA in VB6 and your calling code for the period of the debugging effort, then reset for final compile after you find the solution. You can flush the in-memory version via reboots and such but it's easier and more definite if you switch the class name.
To be absolutely sure your debug version of the component is being called put a break point on the initialisation sub of the component.
Once set up it is a really easy, repeatable and efficient process.
Let me now if you are not familiar with where to change those settings etc.