Theoretically you could do this with Symfony bundles.
You can create a shared 'core' bundle with all of your entities and other shared code, and put it into a separate repository. You will than be able to integrate this bundle into the 'AppBundle' of each of your applications.
But since your applications will be sharing the same database, you'll need to make sure both applications use exactly the same version of your core bundle at all times. This can make it a little harder to maintain.
A simpler approach might be to create one application with three bundles. One for business logic and two as separate presentation layers.
Symfony 4 (edit)
As I stopped using Symfony since version 3 came out, I'm a bit hesitant on answering this in context of Symfony 4's 'bundleless' approach but I'll give it a try as it seems a pretty popular question.
So even though you're not required to create bundles anymore, you still can create them. And it is in face what the docs recommend if you're sharing code between applications. I feel like this applies equally to monorepos.
Alternatively, you could abstract the whole persistance layer into a shared library. This would allow you to share the same set of entities between completely different frameworks.