python - Can't install psycopg2 package through pip install... Is this because of Sierra?

91
votes

I am working on a project for one of my lectures and I need to download the package psycopg2 in order to work with the postgresql database in use. Unfortunately, when I try to pip install psycopg2 the following error pops up:

ld: library not found for -lssl
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1
ld: library not found for -lssl
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1

Does anyone know why this is happening? Is it because Sierra has not supported some packages? Thanks in advance!

16
pythonpippsycopg2

16 Answers

336
votes

I fixed this by installing Command Line Tools

xcode-select --install

then installing openssl via Homebrew and manually linking my homebrew-installed openssl to pip:

env LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" pip install psycopg2

on macOS Sierra 10.12.1

57
votes

Try installing it with:

pip install psycopg2-binary
29
votes
brew install postgresql

If postgresql exist then run:

brew upgrade postgresql
sudo pip install psycopg2

In venv:

env LDFLAGS='-L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib -L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib' pip install psycopg2==2.8.4

If you need use only the command pip install psycopg2 export the path in macOSX:

export LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
18
votes

I fixed it with:

brew reinstall openssl

export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/
13
votes

Running into a similar problem using pipenv install psycopg2:

ld: library not found for -lssl', ' clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)', " error: command 'clang' failed with exit status 1", '
----------------------------------------',

I tried all of the recommendations above and none of them worked. I'd faced this problem in another virtualenv a few months ago and remembered reading something about this being a psycopg2 version issue. So I tried installing with 2.7.1 and 2.8.3 and both still failed. Somehow version 2.7.7 worked:

pipenv install psycopg2==2.7.7

Wish I had time to look into this further to understand what's really happening. But for now I don't and this worked.

7
votes

  1. Install/update Xcode developer tools 

    xcode-select --install

  2. Query postgres path

    find / -name pg_config  2>/dev/null

  3. Install psycopg2, use the path you got in step 2. Mine was '/usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.5.0/bin/pg_config'

    PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.5.0/bin/ pip install psycopg2
2
votes

This works for me (on a terminal):

find / -name pg_config  2>/dev/null

then add the path:

export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/9.5/bin/

os version: MacOs Sierra

I hope this helps.

2
votes

Well, tons of different options didn't work for me, but finally!

First, try this:

brew reinstall openssl

At the end of the reinstallation process you will get basically the following lines within Caveats section, which I've put in the zshrc config file since I use macOS Big Sur (version 11.1) and zsh terminal.

Open zshrc or other config file specific to your system:

nano ~/.zshrc

Paste the following lines at the end (or change these commands accordingly to the Caveats you've got), just keep in mind that OpenSSL provided by Homebrew might conflict with the system's one (I've got a warning that macOS provides LibreSSL) but it worked well anyway:

export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/[email protected]/bin:$PATH"
export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/[email protected]/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/[email protected]/include"

Save the file and exit by pressing ^X and confirming with Yes.

Hopefully you can now install psycopg2:

pip3 install psycopg2-binary

I'm still not sure what was the root cause of the problem, it just appeared suddenly when I tried to reinstall pipenv for my project (maybe some recent system updates).

1
votes

It looks like the openssl package is not installed. Try installing it and pip install again. I'm not a macos user, but I believe that brew simplifies package management on that platform.

You might also need to install the Python development and postgresql development packages.

1
votes

Old, but for folks using pipenv, I resolved this issue by looking at my dependency graph pipenv graph --reverse and noticing it required psycopg2-binary==2.8.2. Running pipenv install psycopg2-binary resolved the issue.

1
votes
env LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" \
brew upgrade openssl

Then I could install psycopg2

1
votes

try this -->pip install psycopg2-binary

0
votes

In case you don't want to faff around with brew, here's the "MacOS-only solution":

sudo installer -pkg /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg -target /

After this, pip will gladly install psycopg2 from the source. Works with "Mojave" (macOS 10.14).

0
votes

The only thing that worked for me was:

pip install psycopg2==2.7.7
0
votes

Try installing: pip install psycopg2-binary it works

-4
votes

As per current/todey condition - only solution for this is - uninstall your python 3.8 or 3.9 or so on and install ptyhon 3.7.4